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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023 Oct 28;1870(1):166928. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166928

Figure 6: Copper enhances aggregational toxicity of mutant huntingtin.

Figure 6:

Schematic model of synapse showing that under normal copper concentration, there is cytotoxicity of mutant Htt aggregates, and some co-localization of Ref(2)P with the aggregates. Under high Cu exposure, there is increased Ref(2)P clustering with Htt aggregates, increased cell death, and reduced BRP levels at the synapse. After Cu2+ chelation by DPA feeding, there is reduced Htt aggregates clustering.