Table 10.

Summary table of studies of SGLT inhibitors in PBH.

Study	Population	Intervention	Comparator	Outcome
Abouglila, 2017 (126)	Symptomatic RYGB, n = 1	Canagliflozin 100 mg a day for 9 months	none	Symptomatic improvement and a reduction in hypoglycaemia documented on glucose monitoring.
Ciudin, 2021 (125)	RYGB, symptomatic in 83%, n = 21	Canagliflozin 300 mg single dose prior to 100 g OGTT	No-treatment baseline 100 g OGTT	Significant reduction in peak and nadir glucose during OGTT. 20/21 people had nadir glucose <50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) at baseline, 2/21 after canagliflozin.
Ferreira, 2023 (128)	RYGB, n = 22	Empagliflozin 25 mg daily for 20 days	Placebo	No difference in quantity and quality of symptoms, reduced glucose excursion after meals, no difference in time <3.0 mmol/L on CGM.
Hepprich, 2020 (16)	Symptomatic RYGB, n = 12	Empagliflozin 10 mg prior to MMT	Anakinra (IL-1beta antagonist) Placebo	Reduced hypoglycaemia episodes during MMT following empagliflozin compared to placebo.
Martinussen, 2020 (124)	Asymptomatic RYGB, n = 10	Canagliflozin 600 mg single dose prior to 50 g OGTT	Placebo	Canagliflozin led to a delay in glucose absorption and reduced peak glucose but not nadir glucose.

MMT, mixed meal test; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.