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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2023 Aug 2;620(7975):855–862. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06382-0

Extended Data Table 6.

Bivariable analysis odds ratio for the association between various factors and signing consent into a non-industry sponsored study.

Bivariable Analysis for signing consent documents Bivariable Analysis for signing consent documents in patient’s primary language
Variable OR 95% Cl P Value OR 95% Cl P Value
Age
Age at consent (per year) 0.99 0.98–0.99 <0.001 0.99 0.98 0.99 <0.001
Language
Enqlish Primary Reference Reference
Primary Other than Englisha 0.50 0.43–0.59 <0.001 0.25 0.19–0.32 <0.001
Limited English Proficiencyb 0.47 0.38–0.57 <0.001 0.24 0.18–0.32 <0.001
Race and Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White Reference Reference
Asian or Pacific islander 0.61 0.53–0,69 <0.001 0.61 0.53–0.70 <0.001
Black 1.22 0.92–1.36 0.250 1.13 0.93–1.37 0.215
Hispanic 0.81 0.71–0.92 0.002 0.79 0.69–0.90 <0.001
Other 1.44 1.13–1,83 0.004 1.44 1.13–1.85 0.004
Unknown 3.34 2.89–3.94 <0.001 3.36 2.84–3.97 <0.001
Study Type
Interventional Reference Reference
Observational 32.4 25.1–41.8 <0.001 31.1 24.1–40.1 <0.001
Gender
Male Reference Reference
Female 0.37 0.34–0.40 <0.001 0.36 0.33–0.39 <0.001
Histology
Single Solid Malignancy Reference Reference
Healthy 1.62 1.23–2.14 <0.001 1.70 1.28–2.27 <0.001
Multiple Histology 0.46 0.42–0.50 <0.001 045 0.41–0.49 <0.001
Single Heme Maliqnancy 0.07 0.05–0.09 <0.001 0.07 005–0.09 <0.001
a

Patients with a primary language other than English compared to patients with English as their primary language.

b

Patients with limited English proficiency compared to patients with English as their primary language. Odds ratios (with 95% CI) were estimated from a logistic regression model with Generalized Estimating Equations clustered by patient identifier. P-values reported are two tailed. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Abbreviations, OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence Interval.