Fig. 4.

Virus-specific protection of adult Rag1^−/−mice induced by immunization with NoVΔB2. (A and B) Survival and body weight change of adult Rag1^−/− mice that were immunized with live or killed NoVΔB2 and 42 d later, challenged with a lethal dose of IAV/PR8 (A) or CVB3 (B). (C) Survival and body weight change of the adult Rag1^−/−mice with or without microbiome depletion that were immunized with live or killed NoVΔB2 and 42 d later, challenged with a lethal dose of CVB3. The intestinal microbiome was depleted by adding an oral antibiotics cocktail (Abx) or vehicle to drinking water for 3 d before immunization and throughout the course of the experiment. Statistical differences in survival (Left) and body weight changes (Right) are shown respectively by P value and the number of the star symbol between immunization with live NoVΔB2 in vehicle- and Abx-treated mice (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).