Table 1.
Demographic information and risk factors of IPD patients.
| Characteristic | Total n (%) n = 478 |
Septicaemia n (%) n = 180 |
Meningitis n (%) n = 155 |
Pneumonia n (%) n = 133 |
Othersa n (%) n = 10 |
P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 260 (54.4) | 97 (53.9) | 82 (52.9) | 77 (57.9) | 4 (40) | 0.671 |
| Age, median (IQR, month) | 35 (12,46) | 37 (15,43) | 31 (10,53) | 27 (13,43) | 27 (9,41) | 0.099 |
| Age group (months) | ||||||
| <6 | 24 (5) | 3 (1.7) | 17 (11) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| 6–23 | 169 (35.4) | 76 (42.2) | 53 (34.2) | 56 (42.1) | 5 (50) | |
| 24–59 | 223 (46.7) | 87 (48.3) | 53 (34.2) | 58 (43.6) | 4 (40) | 0.078 |
| ≥60 | 62 (13) | 14 (7.8) | 32 (20.6) | 15 (11.3) | 1 (10) | 0.002 |
| Risk factors | 105 (22) | 29 (16.1) | 52 (33.5) | 24 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| Immunocompromised | 45 (9.4) | 23 (12.8) | 9 (5.8) | 13 (9.8) | 0 (0) | 0.097 |
| Primary immunodeficiency | 8 (1.7) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.445 |
| Neoplastic diseases | 30 (6.3) | 17 (9.4) | 2 (1.3) | 11 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| Nephrotic syndromec | 5 (1) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0) | – |
| Sarcoidosis | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Congenital heart disease | 12 (2.5) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (3.2) | 6 (4.5) | 0 (0) | – |
| Chronic respiratory diseased | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| Trauma or surgery | 20 (4.2) | 5 (2.8) | 15 (9.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| Cochlear implant | 4 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leakage | 18 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 18 (11.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| Source of samples | ||||||
| Blood | 344 (72) | 180 (100) | 43 (27.7) | 117 (88) | 4 (40) | – |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | 46 (9.6) | 0 (0) | 46 (29.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Pleural effusion | 15 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 15 (11.3) | 0 (0) | – |
| Blood + cerebrospinal fluid | 66 (13.8) | 0 (0) | 66 (42.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Blood + pleural Effusion | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | – |
| Other specimense | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (60) | – |
| Isolates collected | 355 (74.3) | 141 (77.9) | 114 (73.5) | 93 (70.5) | 7 (70) | – |
| Clinical course | ||||||
| Sepsis | 179 (37.4) | 51 (28.3) | 77 (49.7) | 50 (37.6) | 1 (10) | 0.000 |
| Septic shock | 29 (6.1) | 5 (2.8) | 18 (11.6) | 6 (4.5) | 1 (10) | 0.002 |
| ICU admission | 187 (39.1) | 30 (16.7) | 96 (61.9) | 60 (45.1) | 1 (10) | 0.000 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 53 (11.1) | 5 (2.8) | 31 (20) | 17 (12.8) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
| Hospital-stay, median (IQR, days) | 14 (8,23) | 9 (7,14) | 22 (14,31) | 13 (9,17) | 26 (18,37) | 0.000 |
| Died (case fatality) | 46 (9.6) | 4 (2.2) | 30 (19.4) | 12 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.
a
Include arthritis and/or osteomyelitis (n = 8), perforative peritonitis with acute appendicitis (n = 1), and infective endocarditis (n = 1).
b
Comparation between septicaemia, meningitis, and pneumonia.
c
Include lymphomas, leukemias, solid tumour, aplastic anaemia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, hemophagocytic syndrome, and other diseases of the blood-forming organs.
d
Include congenital laryngeal chondromalacia, bronchitis obliterans, and asthma.
e
Include joint effusion (n = 3), abdominal dropsy (n = 1), blood + hydropericardium (n = 1), and blood + joint effusion (n = 1).