Table A3.
Results overall.
| RTIs/Pts with RTIs | Recurrent RTIs/Pts with Recurrent RTIs | Complications/Pts with Complications | Pts with AB/AB Treatment Days/Mean Difference [Days] | Adverse Events (Number of Events) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Registry |
Echinacea (N) | Control (N) | Echinacea | Control | Echinacea | Control | Echinacea | Control | Echinacea | Control |
| Bendel R et al., 1988 [20] | 24/12 (33) | 30/17 (34) | - | - | - | - | - | - | Safety of Echinacea during Chemotherapy not assessed | |
| Bendel R et al., 1989 [19] | 0/0 (25) | 1/1 (25) | - | - | - | - | - | - | Safety of Echinacea during Chemotherapy not assessed | |
| Bräunig B et al., 1992 [36] | - | - | - | - | 1/2 (120) | 4/3 (60) | 0/0 | 1/- | 4 | 5 |
| Cohen HA et al., 2004 [18] | 138/85 (160) | 308/150 (168) | 53 | 158 | 54/18 (160) | 136/45 (168) | -/541/3.40 (160) | -/1084/6.50 (168) | 9 | 7 |
| Forth H, Beuscher N, 1981 [17] | 22/22 (66) | 19/19 (29) | None reported | None reported | ||||||
| Freyer HU, 1974 [22] | 43/43 (140) | 74/74 (144) | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Goel V et al., 2004 [38] | - | - | - | - | 2/2 (59) | 5/5 (69) | - | - | 8 | 6 |
| Grimm (1999)/Schoeneberger (1996) [23,62] | 35/42 (54) | 40/50 (54) | 14/7 (54) | 18/8 (54) | 37 (54) | 54 (54) | - | - | 11 | 7 |
| Hall, H et al., 2007 [24] | 7/7 (18) | 7/7 (14) | - | - | - | - | - | - | Not reported | Not reported |
| Helbig 1961 [25] | 66/- (322) | 140/- (322) | 66 | 140 | - | - | 15 (322) | 41 (322) | 0 | 0 |
| Jawad (2012) [26] | 149/112 (355) | 188/131 (362) | 65/28 (355) | 100/43 (362) | 5/5 (355) | 7/7 (362) | 1/7/0.02 (355) | 4/33/0.09 (362) | 293 | 306 |
| König D, 1999 or Berg A (1998) [21] | 0/0 (14) | 4/4 (13) | - | - | 0/0 (14) | 1/1 (13) | - | - | 0 | 3 |
| Kolev E et al., 2022 [27] | 21/21 (59) | 29/29 (60) | - | - | 0/0 (59) | 2/2 (60) | 8 (59) | 12 (60) | 3 | 5 |
| Melchart (1998) 3-arm study [15] |
- | - | 4/4 (EPUr) (99) | 6/6 (90) | - | - | - | - | 13 | 12 |
| Melchart (1998) 3-arm study [15] |
- | - | 7/7 (EAN) (100) | - | - | - | - | 21 | ||
| O’Neil J et al., 2008 [28] | 9/9 (45) | 14/14 (45) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (8%) 2 | (7%) 2 |
| Ogal M et al., 2021 NCT02971384 [14] |
61/40 (103) | 86/54 (98) | 21/16 (103) | 32/22 (98) | 11/10 (103) | 30/20 (98) | 6/45/0.44 (103) | 15/216/2.20 (98) | 76 | 105 |
| Awad OG, 2020 2015NBA5732814 [29] |
2/- (100) | 4/- (100) | - | - | 2 (100) | 4 (100) | - | - | Not assessed as in combination with AZT | |
| Raus K et al., 2015 EUDRA-CT 2010-021571-88 [39] |
- | - | - | - | 5/5 (203) | 9/9 (217) | 4 (203) | 4 (217) | Not assessed as in comparison with Oseltamivir | |
| Schmidt U et al., 1990 [30] | 164/132 (303) | 199/155 (306) | 32 | 44 | 12 | 10 | ||||
| Schulten B et al., 2001 [40] | - | - | 1/1 (41) | 4/4(39) | 8 | 9 | ||||
| Spasov AA et al., 2004 [41] | - | - | 1 (41) | 1 (39) | 1 | 0 | ||||
| Sperber SJ et al., 2004 [31] | 14/14 (24) | 20/20 (22) | 2 | 4 | ||||||
| Sumer J et al., 2023 [37] | - | - | 0/0 (61) | 2/2 (64) | 0/0/0 (61) | 2/6/0.09 (64) | Comparison of different Echinacea galenic forms, no non-Echinacea reference. | |||
| Tiralongo E et al., 2012 PHM0608HREC [32] |
31/31 (72) | 43//43 (76) | 3 | 2 | ||||||
| Turner RB et al., 2000 [33] | 11/11 (50) | 14/14 (42) | 0 No significant side effect seen |
0 | ||||||
| Turner RB et al., 2005 [16] | 73/73 (149) | 58/58 (103) | 2% (prevention phase) | 2% (prevention phase) | ||||||
| Taylor (2003) [42] Weber (2005) [35] |
- - |
- - |
137/110 (200) | 163/142 (207) | 30 (200) | 27 (207) | 152 | 146 | ||
| Yakoot M et al., 2011 [43] | - | - | 0/0 (31) | 2/2 (32) | 0 (31) | 2 (31) | No significant difference between groups but no listing of AEs | |||
| Zhang X et al., 2003 [34] | 25/44 (54) | 33/57 (57) | 15 | 4 | ||||||
Pts…Participants. RTI…Respiratory Tract Infections. AB…Antibiotics.