Table 1.
Anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics of the study sample. BMI—body mass index, cSBP/cDBP/cPP—central blood pressure or pulse pressure measurement, DBP—diastolic blood pressure, MAP—mean arterial pressure, PP—pulse pressure, PPA—pulse pressure amplification, SBP—systolic blood pressure.
| Characteristic | Healthy Controls (Median (IQR) or Mean (SD)), n = 22 | Hypertension Group (Median (IQR) or Mean (SD)), n = 33 | Independent Sample Test Result and p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 36.1 (27.5–39.8) | 38.8 (33.2–41.6) | Z = −1.581, p = 0.114 |
| Height, cm | 177.2 (6.8) | 179.6 (8.2) | t = −1.102, p = 0.276 |
| Weight, kg | 76.3 (12.1) | 97.0 (12.4) | t = −6.021, p < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 (3.1) | 30.2 (4.7) | t = −5.152, p < 0.001 |
| Waist, cm | 89.6 (14.6) | 103.8 (11.8) | t = −3.831, p < 0.001 |
| Hip, cm | 99.8 (8.6) | 111.9 (10) | t = −4.281, p < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1) | Z = −1.213, p = 0.225 |
| Waist-height ratio | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | t = −3.551, p = 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 117 (108.9–124.1) | 131 (122.3–145.3) | Z = −4.038, p < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 72.5 (67.4–75.6) | 86 (76–96) | Z = −3.833, p < 0.001 |
| PP, mmHg | 43.6 (6.5) | 48.6 (9.3) | t = −2.181, p = 0.034 |
| 24-h SBP, mmHg | 112.9 (6.6) | 128.0 (11.9) | t = −5.879, p < 0.001 |
| 24-h DBP, mmHg | 67.5 (65.0–72.5) | 79.5 (75.0–86.3) | Z = −4.924, p < 0.001 |
| 24-h MAP, mmHg | 88.7 (4.8) | 102.3 (9.6) | t = −6.828, p < 0.001 |
| Daytime SBP, mmHg | 116.7 (7.8) | 130.6 (12.3) | t = −5.015, p < 0.001 |
| Daytime DBP, mmHg | 71.4 (5.3) | 83.2 (9.2) | t = −5.913, p < 0.001 |
| Daytime MAP, mmHg | 92.2 (5.5) | 105.0 (9.9) | t = −5.999, p < 0.001 |
| Nighttime SBP, mmHg | 102.2 (6.5) | 117.7 (11.9) | t = −6.059, p < 0.001 |
| Nighttime DBP, mmHg | 59.5 (53.5–66.5) | 70.5 (66.0–73.5) | Z = −4.324, p < 0.001 |
| Nighttime MAP, mmHg | 80.0 (73.5–83.0) | 91.5 (86.0–95.0) | Z = −4.952, p < 0.001 |
| SBP dipping, % | 12.3 (5.9) | 9.7 (6.0) | t = 1.500, p = 0.140 |
| DBP dipping, % | 16.3 (8.2) | 14.3 (5.8) | t = 1.045, p = 0.301 |
| PWV, m/s | 6.9 (6.0–7.7) | 7.9 (7.2–9.2) | Z = −3.172, p = 0.002 |
| cSBP, mmHg | 103 (99.8–108.3) | 119 (108.5–134.0) | Z = −4.538, p < 0.001 |
| cDBP, mmHg | 72.5 (67.5–75.8) | 81 (73–94) | Z = −3.733, p < 0.001 |
| cPP, mmHg | 33.0 (27.0–35.3) | 38 (32–43) | Z = −2.891, p = 0.004 |
| PPA (cPP/PP) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.2) | t = −1.808, p = 0.076 |