Table 1.

Genes encoding for carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales reported in Africa by geographical region. PT, phenotypic test; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Seq, sequencing methods; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Lat. fl., lateral flow immunochromatographic test; SCM, screening culture media; SChM, selective chromogenic media for CP-GNB; SM, selective media.

African Region	Country	No. of Studies per Country	Genes Identified	Genes Identified/Region		Detection Method for CP	Countries Not Represented in Table
Northern Africa	Algeria	8	blaNDM-5, blaVIM-19, blaOXA-48	bla IMI-2 bla KPC bla KPC-2 bla IMP bla IMP-1 bla IMP-4 bla NDM bla NDM-1 bla NDM-4	bla NDM-5 bla NDM-6 bla NDM-7 bla VIM bla VIM-1 bla VIM-2 bla VIM-19 bla OXA-48 bla OXA-204 bla OXA-232	PT, PCR, Seq	Canary Islands Madeira Islands
	Egypt	6	blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaVIM-2, blaIMP-4, blaOXA-48			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
	Libya	5	blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48			PT, PCR, Seq
	Morocco	11	blaIMP-1, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-7, blaOXA-48			SCM, PT, Lat. fl., PCR, Seq
	Sudan	4	blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-6, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-232			PT, PCR, Seq
	Tunisia	14	blaIMI-2, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaVIM-1, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-204			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
Eastern Africa	Djibouti	1	blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181	bla KPC bla KPC-2 bla IMP bla IMP-10 bla NDM bla NDM-1 bla NDM-4 bla NDM-5 bla NDM-7	bla VIM bla OXA-23 bla OXA-48-like bla OXA-48 bla OXA-181 bla OXA-232	SChM, PT, Lat. fl., Seq	Burundi Comoros Eritrea Reunion Rwanda Seychelles South Sudan Zambia Zimbabwe
	Ethiopia	14	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaOXA-181			SChM, PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
	Kenya	5	blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-232			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
	Madagascar	2	blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, blaNDM-5			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
	Malawi	1	blaKPC-2, blaNDM-5, blaOXA-48			SCM, PT
	Mauritius	2	blaIMP-10, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7, blaOXA-181			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
	Mozambique	1	bla NDM-5			Seq
	Somalia	1	blaNDM, blaOXA-23, blaVIM			Seq
	Tanzania	3	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-48			SCM, PCR
	Uganda	5	blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48-like			PCR
Southern Africa	Botswana	1	-	bla GES-5 bla KPC bla KPC-2 bla KPC-3 bla NDM bla NDM-1 bla NDM-2	bla NDM-7 bla VIM bla OXA-48-like bla OXA-48 bla OXA-181 bla OXA-232 bla OXA-484	SChM, Unidentified genotypic method	Lesotho Swaziland
	Namibia	1	-			-
	South Africa	15	blaGES-5, blaKPC, blaKPC-2, blaKPC-3, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-2, blaNDM-7, blaVIM, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-232, blaOXA-484			SCM, PCR, PFGM, SEQ
Central Africa	Angola	2	blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaOXA-181	bla KPC bla AIM-1 bla IMP bla IMP-11 bla IMP-12	bla NDM bla NDM-1 bla NDM-4 bla NDM-5 bla NDM-7 bla VIM bla OXA-48 bla OXA-181	PCR, Seq	Cabinda (Angola) Central African Republic Equatorial Guinea
	Cameroon	1	blaAIM-1, blaIMP-11, blaIMP-12, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4			PCR, Seq
	Chad	1	blaNDM-5, blaOXA-181			PCR, Seq
	Democratic Republic of Congo	1	blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48			PCR, Seq
	Gabon	2	blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7, blaOXA-48			PCR, Seq
	Republic of Congo	1	bla OXA-181			PCR, Seq
	São Tomé and Príncipe	1	bla OXA-181			PT, PCR, PFGE, Seq
Western Africa	Benin	2	bla GES	bla GES bla KPC bla IMP bla NDM bla NDM-1 bla NDM-5 bla NDM-7 bla VIM	bla OXA-48-like bla OXA-48 bla OXA-58-like bla OXA-58 bla OXA-64 bla OXA-65 bla OXA-71 bla OXA-98 bla OXA-181 bla OXA-232 bla OXA-241 bla OXA-244	Seq	Cote D’Ivoire Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mauritania Niger The Gambia Togo
	Burkina Faso	2	blaGES, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-58-like			Lat. fl., Seq
	Cape Verde	1	blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-244			PCR, Seq
	Ghana	6	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181			SM, PT, PCR, Seq
	Mali	2	blaNDM-1, blaOXA-181			PT, PCR, Seq
	Nigeria	11	blaGES, blaNDM, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-232			SCM, PT, Lat. fl., PCR, Seq
	Senegal	1	bla OXA-48			PT, PCR
	Sierra Leone	1	blaOXA-58, blaOXA-64, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-71, blaOXA-98, blaOXA-241			PCR, Seq
Sub-Saharan Africa	-	2	blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-232	bla KPC bla NDM bla VIM bla VIM-2	bla OXA-48 bla OXA-181 bla OXA-232	PT, PCR, Seq