Endogenous sources of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, Nox4, and Nox5), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase.