Table 2.
Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables.
| Exposure | Heterogeneity | Horizontal Pleiotropy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cochran’s Q Test from IVW |
Rücker’s Q Test from MR-Egger |
MR-PRESSO Global Test |
MR-Egger | MR-Egger (SIMEX) | ||||||
| N | F | I2 (%) | p-Value | p-Value | p-Value | Intercept, β (SE) | p-Value | Intercept, β (SE) | p-Value | |
| C-reactive protein | 204 | 113.47 | 97.45 | 0.042 | 0.074 | 0.032 | −0.006 (0.002) | 0.012 | −0.006 (0.002) | 0.012 |
N, number of instruments; F, mean F statistic; IVW, inverse-variance-weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; PRESSO, pleiotropy sum of residuals and outliers; SIMEX, simulation extrapolation; β, beta coefficient; SE, standard error.