Table 1.

Classifications of AVMs and purposes.

Classification	Purpose/Modality	Key Factors Assessed
Spetzler–Martin Grading System	Surgical risk estimation	Nidus size, location in brain, and venous drainage
Spetzler–Ponce Model	Surgical guidance	Categorizes AVMs into three tiers based on Spetzler–Martin grades
Supplementary Grading Scale by Lawton and Young	Predict neurological outcome and refine patient selection	Patient age, hemorrhagic presentation, nidal diffuseness, and deep perforating artery supply
Pittsburgh Modified RBAS	Radiosurgery outcomes	Nidus volume, location, and clinical factors (history, age)
Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale	Radiosurgery outcomes	Nidus volume, location, and clinical factors (history)
Toronto, Puerto Rico, and Buffalo Score	Endovascular assessment	AVM angioarchitecture, arterial pedicles, and draining veins
Embocure Scor	Endovascular assessment	AVM angioarchitecture, arterial pedicles, and draining veins