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. 2024 Mar 30;9(4):209. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9040209

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) A portion of the Nepenthes peristome showing both the inward (left) and outward (right) slanting regions and their microscopic grooves; and (b) self-lubricating mechanism of bionic design of electrosurgical knife inspired by Nepenthes [60,106,302].