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. 2024 Apr 19;14(4):203. doi: 10.3390/bios14040203

Table 1.

Major toxins and sources of MBs.

Classification of Toxins Major Toxin Main Sources of Toxins References
Peptide toxin Conotoxin, sea anemone peptide toxins, sea serpent toxins Taro snails, sea anemones, sea snakes [24,25,26]
Polyether toxin Ciguatoxin, rock sand anemone toxin, nudibranch toxin Algae of the genus verbascum gangbytis, short nudibranchs, and sand group anemones [11,27,28]
Alkaloid toxin Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, genotoxin Puffer fish, shellfish, gonyaulax [29,30]