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. 2024 Mar 27;14(4):405. doi: 10.3390/biom14040405

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Increased lysosomal size and permeability in human DPSC-derived Schwann cells after chloroquine stimulation. (A) Representative images of Cathepsin B activity (red) illustrating an increased lysosomal diameter and CtB activity levels in chloroquine-exposed vs. unstimulated control cells. Hoechst staining was used to visualize nuclei. (B) TEM images showing enlarged, permeabilized lysosomes (blue arrows) after chloroquine stimulation in the cytosol of DPSC-SCs compared to unstimulated control cells. (C,D) A galectin 3-LAMP1 puncta assay confirmed a significant increase in the number of leaky or permeabilized lysosomes in human DPSC-SCs after 5 h of stimulation with 20 µM of chloroquine. Representative images (one optical Z section) are shown of the galectin 3-LAMP1 staining in chloroquine stimulated DPSC-SCs and unstimulated control cells in (C). * p < 0.05. (D): n = two individual experiments, with four to six technical replicates in each. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Samples are compared to control cells using Mann–Whitney tests. CtB: Cathepsin B, LAMP1: Lysosomal associated membrane protein 1, Gal3: Galectin 3, and CQ: chloroquine.