Table 5.

Sociodemographic risk factors of post-COVID-19 Syndrome among adults infected with COVID-19 in Qatar during 2022 using simple (univariate) and multivariable logistic regression analyses (N = 368).

Variable	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	p-value	F test P-value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	p-value
Age
18–24	Reference			Reference
25–39	1.766 [0.779–4.006]	0.173	0.019*	1.566 [0.55–4.481]	0.401
40 and above	0.953 [0.406–2.237]	0.912		0.895 [0.298–2.68]	0.843
Gender
Male	Reference			Reference
Female	2.591 [1.685–3.984]	0.00001***	0.00001***	2.588 [1.58–4.225]	0.0003***
Nationality
Qatari	Reference
Non-Qatari	0.998 [0.503–1.982]	0.996	0.996
Marital status
Not married	Reference
Married	1.148 [0.7241.822]	0.558	0.558
Education status
Up to secondary education	Reference			Reference
University/higher education	2.060 [1.22–3.452]	0.006**	0.006**	2.235 [1.256–4.28]	0.011*
Employment status
Not-employed	Reference			Reference
Employed	0.733 [0.441–1.219]	0.231	0.231	0.874 [0.449–1.70]	0.692
Perceived monthly income
Not Enough at all	Reference			Reference
Enough	0.884 [0.527–1.482]	0.640	0.176	0.635 [0.343–1.17]	0.149
More than enough	2.485 [0.773–7.984]	0.126		1.628 [0.408–6.49]	0.490
Household Crowding index
Less than 1	Reference			Reference
1–2	1.850 [1.075–3.184]	0.026	0.084	1.863 [0.984–3.53]	0.056
More than 2	1.566 [0.673–3.641]	0.298		1.362 [0.510–3.64]	0.537
Level of social support
Strong social support	Reference			Reference
Moderate social support	1.268 [0.749–2.145]	0.377	0.005**	1.268 [0.942–2.14]	0.233
Poor social support	2.353 [1.353–4.091]	0.002**		2.451 [1.553–4.13]	0.002**
BMI
Normal weight	Reference			Reference
Obese/Overweight	1.223 [0.762–1.964]	0.405	0.405	1.375 [0.811–2.33]	0.237
History of chronic disease
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.306 [0.823–2.07]	0.257	0.257	1.333 [0.74–2.394]	0.335
Hospital Admission
No	Reference
Yes	1.080 [0.43–2.67]	0.868	0.868
ICU Admission among hospitalized patients (n = 20)
No	Reference
Yes	1.250 [0.067–23.25]	0.881	0.881

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.