Figure 2.

The effects of cardiovascular health-related lifestyle factors on BM HSC homeostasis. CVD-promoting lifestyle factors such as psychosocial stress, sleep problems, an unhealthy diet pattern, alcohol consumption, smoking tobacco, and physical inactivity promote the proliferation, expansion/attrition, mobilization, MK/myeloid-biased differentiation and pro-inflammatory priming of HSCs, while cardiovascular protective lifestyle factors such as a healthy diet pattern and physical exercise promote quiescence, BM retention, balanced differentiation, and the anti-inflammatory priming of HSCs.