Table 2.
The salutary actions and mechanisms of bioactive compounds derived from a cardiovascular protective diet and fasting in HSC homeostasis.
| Bioactive Compound | Influences on BM HSCs | Potential Mechanisms | Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Quiescence Balanced differentiation |
Restriction of protein translation and levels of ROS and Myc in HSCs through retinoic acid signaling [129,130]. | Mouse |
| Ascorbate | Balanced differentiation | Stimulation of Tet2 activity [131,132]. | Mouse Human |
| Nicotinamide riboside | Balanced differentiation | Restoration of mitochondrial metabolic activity and promotion of mitochondrial recycling [133,134]. | Mouse Human |
| Vitamin E | Maintenance | Promotion of lipid redox balance in HSCs [135]. | Mouse |
| Urolithin A | Balanced differentiation | Induction of mitochondrial recycling [136]. | Mouse |
| Coffee and tea | Maintenance | Promotion of lipid redox balance in HSCs [139,140,141,142,143]. | Mouse Human |
| Fasting | Balanced differentiation Retention |
Reduction of circulating levels of IGF-1 and PKA activity in HSCs [145]; AMPK activation in hepatocytes suppresses systemic CCL2 production via PPARα [146]? Remodeling of CXCL12–CXCR4 and S1P–S1P1R interactions in the BM niche [147,148]? | Mouse Human |