Table 1.
Antioxidant potential of anthocyanins.
| Plant/Food | Anthocyanins Studied | Method Used for Determining the Antioxidant Activity | Key Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61 genotypes of Lonicera caerulea L. fruits | Nine anthocyanins including, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside | Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities | Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside demonstrate the highest ROS scavenging activities | [61] |
| Green/red and red lettuce cultivars | Cyanidin (87.9–3656.9 µg/g DW) | ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging activities | The cyanidin contents and the highest DPPH and ABTS activity were recorded in “Caesar red” and “Jinbballolla” cultivars | [58] |
| Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) foliage | Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside-5-O-malonyl glucoside (malonyl-shisonin) | ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging activities | Green/red perilla showed 3-times more DPPH radical scavenging activities compared to green perilla, which lacks anthocyanins | [59] |
| Purple wheat products (flour and bran) | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3- rutinoside, cyanidin-3-(6-malonyl glucoside), peonidin-3-(6-malonylglucoside), and peonidin-3-glucoside |
ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging and ORAC assay | The anthocyanin contents correlated with the antioxidant activity | [62] |
| Blueberry anthocyanins | 14 anthocyanins including malvidin-3-O-glucoside (2.36 mg/g), malvidin-3-O-galactoside, and petunidin-3-Oglucoside | ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging, FRAP, reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity | Anthhocynins showed nearly two times higher antioxidant activities than the standard ascorbic acid. | [63] |
| Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3- Glucoside, delphinidin-3-sambubioside, and cyanidin-3-sambubioside |
DPPH• scavenging activity | The antioxidant activity correlated positively with anthocyanins (r = 0.48) | [64] |
| Red raspberry anthocyanin microcapsules | Not analyzed | DPPH• radical scavenging activity | Anthocyanin microcapsules prepared with gum Arabic showed higher antioxidant activity than that of maltodextrin microcapsules. The antioxidant activity increased gradually with increased anthocyanin contents in the microcapsules | [65] |
| Raspberry | Cyanin-3-O-glusoside | ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical scavenging and ORAC assay | Antioxidant activity of nonacylated raspberry anthocyanins was similar to that of acylated anthocyanins, as well as ascorbic acid | [66] |
DW: dry weight; ABTS•+: 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); DPPH•: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power.