4EBP1	Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1, encoded by the gene EIF4EBP1.
ALK	ALK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, also known as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase.
Amplification	An increase in the number of copies in a region of the genome.
APC	APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway, also known as Adenomatous Polyposis Coli.
ARAF	A-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase.
ARF	One of the proteins encoded by the gene Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A, or CDKN2A. Also known as p19-ARF.
AURKA	Aurora Kinase A.
BiTE	Bispecific T-cell engager.
BRAF	B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase.
CAB39	Calcium-Binding Protein 39.
CAS9	CRISPR-associated protein 9, used together with CRISPR to cleave DNA.
CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2.
CDK4	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4.
CDK6	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6.
CDKN2A	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A, encodes p16-INK4A and ARF.
CDKN2B	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease of 2019, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2
CRAF	Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase, also known as RAF1.
CRC	Colorectal carcinoma or colorectal cancer.
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, often used to knock out a gene of interest.
CRISPRi	Inhibitory form of CRISPR that uses dead Cas9 deficient at cutting DNA to recruit negative regulatory transcription factors to the promoter of a gene of interest.
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4, an immune checkpoint protein.
CTNNB1	Catenin Beta 1, also known as β-catenin.
CYCA	Cyclophilin A.
Cyclins	A family of proteins that bind to cyclin-dependent kinases and regulate cell cycle.
DC	Dendritic cell.
DTP	Drug tolerant persister cells.
DUSPs	Dual-Specificity Phosphatase protein family.
E2F	E2F Transcription Factor.
EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor.
EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
ERK1	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, also known as Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1, a protein encoded by the gene MAPK3.
ERK2	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 2, also known as Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2, a protein encoded by the gene MAPK1.
FDA	United States Food and Drug Administration.
FGFR	Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1.
G12Ci	An inhibitor that is selective for KRAS with the 12th amino acid altered from glycine to cysteine.
GAB1	GRB2-associated binding protein 1.
GAP	GTPase-activating protein, promotes hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
GDP	Guanosine diphosphate. KRAS is inactive when bound to GDP.
GEF	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, promotes exchange of GDP to GTP
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, also known as colony-stimulating factor 2.
GRB2	Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2.
GTP	Guanosine triphosphate. KRAS is active when bound to GTP.
HDAC5	Histone Deacetylase 5.
HLA	Human leukocyte antigens.
HRAS	HRas Proto-Oncogene, GTPase, also known as Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncoprotein.
ICMT	Isoprenylcysteine Carboxyl Methyltransferase.
IDH1	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1.
IDH2	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2.
IRE1α	Endoplasmic Reticulum To Nucleus Signaling 1, encoded by the gene ERN1.
KEAP1	Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1.
KRAS	KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase, also known as Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Proto-Oncogene and also abbreviated at K-Ras.
KRASi	An entity that inhibits KRAS.
KSR	Kinase Suppressor Of Ras 1, encoded by the gene KSR1.
MDR1	ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1, also known as Multidrug Resistance Protein 1, encoded by the gene ABCB1.
MEK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1, encoded by the gene MAP2K1.
MET	MET Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase.
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex.
MRAS	Muscle RAS Oncogene Homolog.
mTCR	Murine T-cell receptor.
mTOR	Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Kinase.
MYC	MYC Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor, also known as c-MYC and as Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Homolog.
NF1	Neurofibromatosis type 1.
NRAS	NRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase, also known as Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog.
NSCLC	Non-small cell lung cancer.
p53	Tumor Protein P53, encoded by the gene TP53.
PD-1	Programmed Cell Death Protein 1.
PDAC	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
PD-L1	CD274 Molecule, also known as Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1, encoded by the gene CD274.
PTCH1	Patched 1.
SHP2	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11, encoded by the gene PTPN11.
PBL	Peripheral blood lymphocytes.
PIK3CA	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha, also known as PtdIns-3-Kinase Subunit P110-Alpha, encodes the p110α subunit of PI3K.
PIP2	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
PIP3	Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate.
PNA	Peptide nucleic acid, a synthetic molecule hybridizing DNA bases with a peptide polymer chain.
PREX1	Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate Dependent Rac Exchange Factor 1.
PROTAC	Proteolysis targeting chimeras containing a domain binding the protein of interest linked to a domain that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase.
PTEN	Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog, also known as Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Phosphatase And Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase PTEN.
RAB	RAB1A, Member of RAS Oncogene Family.
RAN	RAN, Member of RAS Oncogene Family.
RAS-GAP	RAS P21 Protein Activator 1, also known as p120GAP, encoded by the gene RASA1.
RB1	RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1, also known as Retinoblastoma 1.
RCE1	Ras Converting CAAX Endopeptidase 1.
RET	Ret Proto-Oncogene, also known as Rearranged During Transfection.
RGS	Regulator Of G Protein Signaling.
RHO	Rhodopsin.
RICTOR	RPTOR Independent Companion Of MTOR Complex 2.
RSK1	Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase A1.
S6	Ribosomal Protein S6.
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
SHOC2	SHOC2 Leucine Rich Repeat Scaffold Protein.
siRNA	Small interfering ribonucleic acid, used to decrease expression of target messenger RNAs.
SMARCA4	SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin-Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 4.
SOS1	SOS Ras/Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1, also known as Son Of Sevenless Homolog 1.
SPRED1	Sprouty-Related EVH1 Domain Containing 1.
SPRY1	Sprouty RTK Signaling Antagonist 1.
Synthetic lethal/collateral dependency	Two genes whose alterations are lethal to cells only when they are in combination.
TCR	T-cell receptor.
TEAD	TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1.
TGFβ	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1.
TME	Tumor microenvironment.
TSC1	TSC Complex Subunit 1, also known as Tuberous Sclerosis 1 Protein.
TSC2	TSC Complex Subunit 2, also known as Tuberous Sclerosis 2 Protein.
UGP2	UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase 2.
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.
YAP	Yes1-Associated Transcriptional Regulator.