Table 4.
Univariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival in both groups of patients.
| Biopsy | Complete Resection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Hazard Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | Hazard Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.017 (0.981–1.054) | 0.364 | 1.007 (0.976–1.040) | 0.653 | |
| Gender | Male | 1.397 (0.638–3.061) | 0.403 | 1.145 (0.635–2.067) | 0.652 |
| Female | 0.716 (0.327–1.568) | 0.873 (0.484–1.575) | |||
| Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) < 70 | 10.319 (1.702–62.563) | 0.011 | 0.548 (0.170–1.769) | 0.314 | |
| Neurological deficit | 1.077 (0.428–2.714) | 0.875 | 0.705 (0.388–1.279) | 0.250 | |
| Epileptic seizures | 0.672 (0.200–2.257) | 0.520 | 2.123 (1.040–4.330) | 0.039 | |
| Headache | 0.540 (0.230–1.272) | 0.159 | 1.678 (0.821–3.430) | 0.156 | |
| Brain hemisphere | Left | 1.197 (0.511–2.804) | 0.679 | 0.591 (0.332–1.052) | 0.074 |
| Right | 0.716 (0.295–1.737) | 0.461 | 1.693 (0.950–3.016) | 0.074 | |
| Bilateral | 5.073 (0.557–46.223) | 0.150 | - | - | |
| Contrast-enhancement type | Ring | 1.357 (0.585–3.150) | 0.477 | 0.837 (0.467–1.500) | 0.550 |
| Heterogeneous | 0.649 (0.285–1.479) | 0.304 | 1.195 (0.667–2.141) | 0.550 | |
| No enhancement | 2.069 (0.266–16.071) | 0.487 | - | - | |
| >2 lobes affected | 1.520 (0.545–4.239) | 0.424 | 0.946 (0.509–1.756) | 0.860 | |
| Subventricular zone involvement | 1.512 (0.442–5.170) | 0.510 | 1.300 (0.702–2.407) | 0.404 | |
| Corpus callosum involvement | 1.117 (0.498–2.505) | 0.788 | 1.722 (0.934–3.174) | 0.082 | |
| Internal capsule < 1 cm | 1.065 (0.452–2.505) | 0.886 | 1.596 (0.869–2.933) | 0.132 | |
| Contrast-enhancement volume (cc) | 1.031 (1.006–1.058) | 0.017 | 0.993 (0.972–1.015) | 0.522 | |
| Edema volume (cc) | 1.013 (0.998–1.028) | 0.081 | 1.001 (0.992–1.010) | 0.792 | |
| Necrosis volume (cc) | 1.025 (0.987–1.065) | 0.200 | 0.984 (0.953–1.017) | 0.342 | |
| Necrosis–tumor enhancement ratio (NTR) | 0.496 (0.135–1.822) | 0.291 | 0.570 (0.247–1.312) | 0.186 | |
| ASA 3–4 | 1.716 (0.634–4.644) | 0.288 | 1.149 (0.595–2.219) | 0.679 | |
| Risk of serious complication | 1.093 (0.935–1.278) | 0.263 | 1.072 (0.988–1.163) | 0.096 | |
| Risk of any complication | 1.093 (0.930–1.284) | 0.282 | 1.068 (0.983–1.161) | 0.121 | |
| IDH mutation | 0.045 (0.000–324.863) | 0.495 | - | - | |
| Ki-67 > 20% | 1.619 (0.653–4.012) | 0.298 | 1.019 (0.548–1.892) | 0.953 | |
| MGMT methylation | 0.823 (0.374–1.811) | 0.628 | 0.448 (0.246–0.816) | 0.009 | |