Table 1.
Baseline characteristics at entry (<12 gestational weeks) of studied women by race and glucose tolerance groups.
| Caucasian Group | Latin American | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 1069) | GDM (n = 172) | NGT (n = 897) | p | Total (n = 519) | GDM (n = 83) | NGT (n = 436) | p | |
| Age (years) | 33 ± 4 | 34 ± 5 | 33 ± 4 | 0.083 | 30.9 ± 5.6 | 33 ± 5 | 30.6 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Family history of T2DM | 293 (27.4) | 61 (35.5) | 248 (27.6) | 0.169 | 127 (24.5) | 18 (21.7) | 109 (25.0) | 0.051 |
| Family history of MetS | 243 (22.7) | 42 (24.4) | 201 (22.4) | 0.115 | 72 (13.9) | 11 (13.3) | 61 (14.0) | 0.053 |
| Previous history of GDM | 40 (3.7) | 12 (7.0) | 28 (3.1) | 0.017 | 16 (3.1) | 9 (10.8) | 7 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Previous history of Miscarriage | 288 (26.9) | 54 (31.4) | 234 (26.1) | 0.001 | 236 (45.5) | 38 (45.8) | 198 (45.4) | 0.166 |
| Primiparous | 542 (50.7) | 85 (49.4) | 457 (50.9) | 0.757 | 141 (27.2) | 22 (26.5) | 119 (27.3) | 0.282 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 3.4 | 23.6 ± 4.0 | 21.9 ± 3.2 | <0.001 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 25.0 ±3.8 | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 0.002 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 80 ± 6 | 82 ± 6 | 79 ± 6 | <0.001 | 80.4 ± 6.1 | 82 ± 6 | 80 ± 6 | 0.042 |
| MEDAS score | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 0.892 | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 0.529 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD or number (%). BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; MetS, metabolic syndrome; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; MEDAS Score: 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS).