Table 1.
Demographic and obstetric data.
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| STUDY ID | COUNTRY | DESIGN | SETTING | SAMPLE SIZE | AGE (YEARS) (MEAN ± SD) | HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION | HYPERTENSION, n (%) | DIABETES, n (%) | HIV n (%) | KNOWN CARDIAC DISEASE n (%) | GESTATIONAL AGE AT FIRST VISIT, WEEKS (MEAN SD) | PRIMIGRAVIDA, n (%) |
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| Studies using Handheld or Portable Echocardiography | ||||||||||||
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| Otto 2011 | Eritrea | Prospective cross sectional | 4 clinics in single city | 348 | 26.9 (±6) | NA | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | 30.9 ± 6.7 | NA |
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| Beaton 2019 | Uganda | 24-month prospective longitudinal investigation | 2 health centres, 1 regional referral hospital |
3506 | 24.09 (N/A) | University Degree: 87 (2.5%) | 6 (1.7%) | NA | 141 (4.0%) | 2 (0.06%) | 24 (median) | 359 (10.2%) |
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| Nascimento 2021 | Brazil | 13-month prospective longitudinal investigation | 22 primary care centres | 1112 | 27 ± 8 years | NA | 50 (4.5%) | 27 (2.4%) | NA | 9 (0.8%) | 22 ± 9 | NA |
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| Snelgrove 2021 | Kenya | Cross sectional study | Antenatal clinic at tertiary maternity centre | 601 | 26.6 years (SD 5.7) | University degree: 82 (13.6%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 45 (7.5%) | 27 (4.5%) | 25.3 ± 9.5 | NA |
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| AlSharqi 2022 | India | cross sectional study | 10 hospitals across three states-India | 301 | 25.4 (18–42) | University degree: 31 (10.6%) | NA | NA | NA | 17 (5.6%) | NA | 183 (60.8%) |
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| Screening using Standard Echocardiography or unspecified echocardiographer | ||||||||||||
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| Selvarani 2014 | India | 6 months Cross sectional study | Antenatal clinic at a tertiary maternity centre | 1125 | 23.41 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA. | 55.73% |
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| Bacha 2019 | Ethopia | Cross Sectional Study | Antenatal clinic at tertiary maternity centre | 398 | 27.0 (±4.6) | College/University 49 (12.31%) |
8 (2%) | 7 (1.8%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
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| Gomathi 2019 | India | 4-month cross-sectional study | Cardiology department at tertiary center | 300 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA | 186 (62%) |
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| Bozkaya 2020 | Turkey | 12-month cross-sectional study | Tertiary delivery center | 900 | 27.4 (±5.8) | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA/first trimester | NA |
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| Patel 2021 | India | 36 month long cross sectional study | Antenatal care at two large hospitals | 14275 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
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