TABLE II.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Increased 5-Year Mortality Risk*
| Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.09 | 1.08-1.09 | <0.001 |
| Female | 0.78 | 0.76-0.80 | <0.001 |
| Non-White | 0.94 | 0.88-0.99 | 0.03 |
| Fracture | 1.63 | 1.58-1.69 | <0.001 |
| BMI > 40 kg/m2 | 1.13 | 1.06-1.21 | <0.001 |
| CHF | 1.90 | 1.82-1.99 | <0.001 |
| COPD | 1.92 | 1.85-1.99 | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1.84 | 1.69-2.01 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.35 | 1.31-1.39 | <0.001 |
| Kidney disease | 2.59 | 2.40-2.79 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 3.07 | 2.68-3.52 | <0.001 |
| Urban hospital | 0.94 | 0.89-0.99 | 0.01 |
| Hospital bed size | 1.00 | 1.00-1.00 | 0.24 |
| Teaching hospital | 1.00 | 0.97-1.04 | 0.90 |
*
CI = confidence interval, BMI = body mass index, CHF = congestive heart failure, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition to the listed variables, this analysis controlled for year fixed effects and state fixed effects. A p value of <0.05 was significant.