Table 3.
Commercial products based on phytochemicals formulated in phytosomes and their beneficial effects in MDs.
| No. | Commercial Product; Doses and Administration Protocol | Company | Phytochemicals | Beneficial Effects; Mechanisms of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Berberine–phospholipid complex-based phytosomes (100 mg/kg orally administered to db/db mice 4 weeks) |
- | Berberine | Anti-diabetic (decreased glucose levels in plasma and TG in the liver) | [52] |
| 2 | Casperome® phytosome (250 mg/day orally administered to subjects with musculoskeletal conditions, 1–4 weeks) | Indena | Boswellia serrata–Resin | Anti-inflammatory (lower the pain score, decrease CRP levels) | [79] |
| 3 | Curcumin phytosome (1 g × 2/day, corresponding to 200 mg curcumin, orally to humans with acute muscle injury, 4 days) | Indena | Curcuma longa L.-Rhizome | Anti-inflammatory (decreased IL-8) | [80] |
| 4 | Greenselect®/Green Tea Phytosome (2 × 150 mg/day Greenselect and 30 mg piperine orally administered to obese women, 3 months) | Indena | Camellia sinensis L.-Leaf | Bodyweight regulator (reduction in weight and fat mass, improvement of lipidic profile growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin and cortisol) | [81,82] |
| 5 | Monoselect Camellia (MonCam) 1 tablet eq to 300 mg/day of Greenselect phytosomes for 24 weeks |
PharmExtracta (Pontenure, Italy) | Camellia sinensis | Improver of lipidic profile, antioxidant (reduced fasting glucose, increased HDL, decreased TG, reduced plasma free radicals) | [83] |
| 6 | Hawthorn Phytosome (100 mg, orally) | Indena | Flavonoids of Crataegus species | Blood pressure regulator, cardioprotective | [84,85] |
| 7 | Leucoselect®/Grape Seed Phytosome (300 mg grape procyanidin extracts eq, to healthy smoking adults, 4 weeks) | Indena | Vitis vinifera L.–Seed | Antioxidant, cardioprotective (reduced lipid peroxidation in LDL, increased the lag phase of LDL oxidation) | [86] |
| 8. | Ginseng Phytosome (100 or 200 mg per day for eight weeks orally administered to diabetic patients) | Natural Factors (Monroe, WA, USA) | Panax Ginseng | Antidiabetic effects (decreased fasting blood glucose, reduced hemoglobin A1C values for 200 mg dose) | [18,87] |
| 9 | Naringenin Phytosome (Approx 3 mg Naringenin eq, intratracheary administered to rats with acute lung injury, 4 h) |
- | Citrus aurantium | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant (increased SOD2 mRNA, decreased COX2 and ICAM-1 gene expression, decreased p-p38MAPK in the lungs) | [88] |
| 10 | Quercefit™ Phytosome (1–2 tabs/day administered to human subjects with both asthma and rhinitis, for 30 days) |
Indena | Quercetin | Antioxidant (reduction of plasma-free radicals) | [89] |
| 11 | Siliphos® (120 mg, orally administered) | Indena | Silybin of Silybum marianum | Antioxidant, hepatoprotective | [85,90] |
| 12 | Green Tea Phytosome 1 capsule 2–3 times/day orally administered to obese subjects for 90 days) |
Natural Factors | Green tea polyphenols | Antioxidant, bodyweight regulator (thermogenic effect, improvements in weight and body mass index) | [91] |
| 13 | Ubiqsome™ Phytosome (150–300 mg corresponding to 30–60 mg CoQ10, administered orally to healthy humans for two periods of two weeks) | Indena | Co-enzyme Q10 | Antioxidant; a good absorbance of CoQ10 | [75] |
| 14 | Vazguard™ Phytosome (1000 mg/L of bergamot phytosome subjected to simulated gastric digestion and further incubated to fecal slurries from healthy women) |
Indena | Bergamot extract | Regulator of plasma glucose and lipid levels, bodyweight regulator (modulator of gut microbiota: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria) | [92] |
| 15 | Vazguard™/Naringin Phytosome (oral administration to type 2 diabetic patients) | Indena | Bergamot extract | Antioxidant, cardioprotective (improvement in lipid profile, reduction in small, dense LDLs and decreased glucose levels in plasma) | [93] |