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. 2024 Apr 12;25(8):4275. doi: 10.3390/ijms25084275

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Impacts of exogenous glycine betaine and choline on M. incognita parasitism on A. thaliana. (A,B) Expression levels of Miatrr in free-living J2s (A) and J2s in plants (B) treated with exogenous glycine betaine and choline for 72 h, via RT-qPCR detection. The GAPDH gene was used as an internal control. Means ± SE are shown. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). (C,D) The mean numbers of galls and egg masses of M. incognita per plant for WT (C) and Miatrr-RNAi A. thaliana (D) treated with exogenous glycine betaine or choline (20 mM) at 42 dpi. Each bar represents SD. Treatment with water was taken as control. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), ‘ns’ represents no significant difference (p > 0.05). (E,F) Comparison of the mean number of galls (E) and egg masses (F) between WT and Miatrr-RNAi line of A. thaliana treated with exogenous glycine betaine or choline (20 mM) at 42 dpi. Each bar represents SD. *** indicates significant differences (p < 0.001, t-tests).