. 2024 Apr 13;12(8):825. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12080825

Table A1.

Search Strategy.

Database	Search String
CINAHL (EBSCO)	((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“OpenAI”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“OBGYN”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”))
EMBASE (Ovid)	((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“OpenAI”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“OBGYN”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”))
PubMed (NIH)	((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“OpenAI”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“OBGYN”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”))
Scopus (Elsevier)	((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“OpenAI”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“OBGYN”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”))
Web of Science (Thompson)	((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“openmi”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“obgyns”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”)) (Title) or ((“large language model”) OR (“language model”) OR (“openmi”) OR (“GPT”) OR (“chatbot”) OR ((“Google”) AND (“PaLM”)) OR ((“Google”) AND (“BERT”)) OR ((“Anthropic”) AND (“Claude”)) OR ((“Meta”) AND (“LLaMA”)) OR ((“Stanford”) AND (“Alpaca”))) AND ((“plastic surger”) OR (“reconstructive surger”) OR (“aesthetic surger”) OR (“cosmetic surg”) OR (“pediatric surger”) OR (“orthopedic surger”) OR (“otolaryngology surger”) OR (“ENT surger”) OR (“head and neck surger”) OR (“cardiothoracic surger”) OR (“thoracic surger”) OR (“oncologic surger”) OR (“surgical oncology”) OR (“burn surger”) OR (“endocrine surger”) OR (“ophthalmic surger”) OR (“gynecological surger”) OR (“vascular surger”) OR (“colorectal surger”) OR (“trauma surger”) OR (“oral and maxillofacial surger”) OR (“oromaxillofacial surger”) OR (“transplant surger”) OR (“bariatric surger”) OR (“hand surger”) OR (“hepatobiliary surger”) OR (“minimally invasive surger”) OR (“fetal surger”) OR (“robotic surger”) OR (“urology”) OR (“urologic surger”) OR (“neurologic surger”) OR (“neurosurg”) OR (“elbow surger”) OR (“spine surger”) OR (“craniofacial surger”) OR (“podiatric surger”) OR (“surgical critical care”) OR (“organ transplant”) OR (“obstetrics and gynecology”) OR (“obstetrics and gynaecology”) OR (“obgyns”) OR (“OB/GYN”) OR (“OB GYN”) OR (“surgery”) OR (“surgical”) OR (“surgeries”) OR (“surgeon”)) (Abstract)

Asterisks (*) in the table represent wildcard characters used in the search strategy to broaden the search scope during the systematic review process.