Figure 1.

Adaptation process at the internal (structural) level of a system according to a Dynamic Ecosystem Adaptation through Allostasis [DEA-A] model. Notes. Homeostatic constants are the resources enabling the satisfaction of needs documented in well-being theories (i.e., competence, relatedness, autonomy). As the homeostasis/allostasis [H/A] process is cyclical, the same resource (like health) can both determine and be determined by the H/A process. In the same way, allostatic responses determine future homeostatic states and appraisals as well as subsequent regulations. The H/A process is mainly unconscious. Elaboration likelihood/awareness depends on 1—the level of the pressure (effect size) and the system’s resources/conditions to detect it (power); 2—cognitive efforts to infer and trace the process from arousal or identified allostatic responses. The H/A process is mainly automatic. Control over the H/A process is possible when i—elaboration likelihood is high; ii—past allostasis allows it (e.g., CR such as planning or hypervigilance); iii—certain resources (e.g., executive functions: inhibition capacities and cognitive flexibility) allow this.