Table 1.

Illustration of key components of the DEA-A model at intrasystem level.

DEA-A Key Components		Illustrative Constructs and Determinants from the Literature
Demands	Internal demands	Structural pressures to ensure basic system functions (nutrition, relationship, reproduction, maintaining the integrity of the organism); Illness physical consequences (organ-function depletion)
	External demands	Opportunity; Transitions/Life events (e.g., moving, death/loss); Situations of deafferentation/anomie; Hazard; Social pressure
Cognitions about issues		Primary Appraisal (Loss/Threat/Challenge); Attitude; Perception of risk in terms of severity, susceptibility, and imminence (temporal framing)
Resources	Internal/ Personal resources	Conditions (physical/mental health, professional status, social position); Psychological resources, i.e., Knowledge; Skills; Abilities; Intelligence (creative, analytical, practical); Executive Functions (e.g., planning, inhibition abilities, self-regulation); Flexibility (e.g., resource selection, optimization, and compensation capabilities); Interactional resources (Social Codes; Social Intelligence; Language/Communication, Empathy); Economic resources (e.g., properties, material goods, financial).
	External/ Ecosystem resources	Network of health professionals; Access to resources (e.g., access to care); Mobility; Social support (e.g., family/non-family caregivers, tutors, role models, service providers); Quality of relationships/interactions (e.g., therapeutic alliance, communication); Aid (e.g., subsidies); legislations; Equipment available; Time
Cognitions about control		Agency; Perceived Efficacy; Perceived Self-Efficacy; Evaluation of the temporality of the effects; Perceived risk of the solution
Stress		Physiological responses (e.g., hunger, thirst, fatigue, excitement); Sensations (e.g., numbness/ankylosing, nervous tension); Emotions (e.g., fear, sadness, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, boredom); Normative discomforts (e.g., cognitive dissonance, guilt, feeling of unfairness)
Allostatic regulation	Emotional	Desensitization; Breathing; Tolerance; Expression of emotions (e.g., crying); Apathetic withdrawal; Emotional Overload/Substitution
	Cognitive	Denial/Denial; Distortion (minimization/trivialization, exaggeration, e.g., of the threat/resource balance); Positive reassessment of the situation; Rationalization; Comparative/unrealistic optimism; Cognitive Avoidance/Distraction; Search for meaning/Causal attribution; Anticipation/Projection; Planning
	Behavioral *	Practice of an activity (e.g., physical, social, professional); Seeking Social Support; Acting out; Therapeutic compliance with recommendations; Problem management and prevention behavior; Socialization/Transformation/Arrangement of living space; Seeking of rehabilitation; Apprenticeships; Resource production; Reflexes (e.g., natural change of posture).
Allostatic load **		Decision-making tension; Ambivalence; Competitive Stress/Rebound tensions; Cognitive dissonance; Allostasis dysregulation: [immune] hyperactivation (overstress) or hypoactivation (understress); Cognitive overload; Psychological exhaustion (Burnout)
Feedback		Effects of Regulation on the internal/external environment; Reappraisal; Reinforcement/Punishment (positive or negative); Personal/Vicarious experience; Verbal Persuasion

Note: The table is indicative due to the porosity of the constructs and paradigms, but readers should be able to get a good idea of the contents associated with the components of the DEA-A model from it. * The activity is classified as BR because it modifies the external environment (e.g., by providing a means for meeting people) and the internal environment (e.g., by improving the physical condition of the person). Whether it is to alleviate tension, distract oneself, or organize one’s thoughts, it is the initiation of the behavior that has permitted the other ER and CR allostasis to occur. In the same way, the search for social support is a conduct aimed at increasing the capacity of support, therefore, providing resources for initiating/maintaining subsequent ERs, CRs, and/or BRs. ** In one respect, allostatic load overlaps with pressure and stress in that it determines the cost of adaptation.