Skip to main content
. 2024 Apr 3;21(4):438. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21040438

Table 5.

Office Designs—Including six office types and one sub-group to an office type.

Architectural Features Functional Features
  • 1.

    Cell office (individual office room)

  • -

    The plan layout is characterized by corridors (single or double corridor system)

  • -

    Most equipment is in the own room. Work is concentrated and independent

  • -

    Individual room has access to a window

  • 2.

    Shared room office: (2–3 people share room)—It is sometimes a consequence of lack of workspace.

  • -

    Workstations freely arranged in the room

  • -

    For privacy reasons, sometimes screens or other divisional elements between workstations

Team-based work or people with similar work
assignment work share room
  • -

    No individual window, shares with room mate(s)

  • -

    Most equipment outside of room, team-based shared rooms tend to have own equipment in room

Traditional open-plan offices:
Employees share workspace in various configurations. Open-plan offices exist in three sub-categories:
  • 3.

    Small open plan office: (4–9 people share workspace)

  • 4.

    Medium-sized open plan office (10–24 share workspace)

  • 5.

    Large open plan office (>24 people share workspace)

  • -

    Shared workspaces within the office

  • -

    Flexible for organizational changes

  • -

    Plan layout is open, based on an open flow of workspaces instead of corridor systems

  • -

    Routine-based work

  • -

    Low level of interaction between employees

  • -

    Workstations freely arranged in the room or in rows in a larger workspace

  • -

    Often no amenities at workstation

Activity-based and flexible office types: a
  • 6.

    Hot-desking office (sub-group to the office type Flex-office, holding only some of its features)

  • -

    Plan layout is open

  • -

    Flexible for organizational changes

  • -

    Dimensioned for <70% of the workforce

  • -

    The choice of workstation is free, has the option to work

  • -

    outside of office as well

  • -

    Good information communication technology (ICT) is a

  • -

    necessity as the common computer system is accessible

  • -

    from all workstations within the office

  • -

    Independent work, not always with high autonomy or decision authority

  • 7.

    Combi-office: (team work and sharing of workspace and common facilities)

  • -

    No strict spatial definition, personal workstations can be either individual rooms or open plan office

  • -

    Back up spaces for work activities not suitable to carry out at the personal workstation

  • -

    Extra focus on rooms for group activities such as: project rooms (to be booked for longer periods) team and meeting rooms

  • -

    >20% of the work in the office not at personal work station

  • -

    Sharing of common amenities in common spaces

  • -

    Work is both independent as well as interactive team work with colleagues in

  • -

    Work is both independent and interactive team work

  • -

    Team moves around in the office on an “as-needed basis”

  • -

    to take advantage of the wide range of common facilities

a = The activity-based category of office types holds flex-office and combi-office. In this table the category name is kept although flex-office is not represented in the study, but its sub-group hot-desking office. This sub-group does not hold any of the architectural features of flex-office that are activity-supportive or functional features of flex-office such as independent work with a high degree of autonomy and decision authority.