Table 1.
Clinical studies in liquid neoplasms and solid tumors.
| Cancer Type | CAR T Model | Sample | Duration | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL | Kymriah | 97 patients | ≥3 months | ORR at 82%, CR at 62%, SR after 18 months at 70%, and CRS in 70% of cases, of which 48% were admitted to the ICU. | Fowler et al. [50] |
| B-ALL | Tisagenlecleucel | 75 patients | 3 months | ORR at 81%, SR at 73% on average over 12 months, CRS in 77% of cases, and neurological events in 40% of patients. | Mueller et al. [51] |
| ALL | CTL019 | 59 patients | 1 session | CR in 93% of patients, SR at 79%, RFS at 76%, and CRS prevalence at 88%. | Maude et al. [52] |
| ALL | CTL019 | 30 patients | 1 month | RR at 87%; CRS in 28–30 of patients; neurotoxicity and B cell aplasia were observed | Maude et al. [53] |
| LBCL | Axicabta gene Ciloleucel | 101 patients | 1 session | RR at 58%, neurological events in 32% of patients, and CRS grade III in 11% of cases. | Neelapu et al. [54] |
| NHL | Lisocabtagene maraleucel | 344 patients | 2 sessions | CRS was observed in 73% of individuals, neurotoxicity was observed in 23%, NHL patients obtained 75% ORR and 55% CR, while DLBCL patients obtained an ORR at 80% and CR at 59%. | Abramson et al. [55] |
| DLBCL | Tisagenlecleucel | 93 patients | 14 months | ORR at 53%, CR in 40% of cases and PR in the remaining 12%, RFS at 65%, CRS in 22% of patients, neurological adverse effects in 12% of cases, cytopenias in 32% of individuals, and prevalence of 20% in terms of infections. | Schuster et al. [41] |
| DMG | T CAR Anti-GD2 | 5 patients | - | Drastic decrease in tumor size with a reduced number of residual GD2 glial cells and few adverse effects. | Mount et al. [56] |
| Renal Carcinoma | T CAR Anti-CAIX | 12 patients | 10 sessions | Antigen-specific effects; reduced hepatotoxicity levels at low doses; no clinical effects recorded. | Lamers et al. [57] |
| Ovarian Cancer | T CAR Anti-FR | 14 patients | 1 session | No tumor reduction was observed in patients, low levels of persistence and high tolerance. | Kershaw et al. [58] |
| Prostate Cancer | Anti-PSMA dTc T CAR | 5 patients | 2 weeks | 2 out of 5 patients achieved RP regardless of dose size administered with IL-2 depletion; no toxicities or reactivity were recorded | Junghans et al. [59] |
| Sarcoma | T CAR Anti-HER2 | 19 patients | 6 weeks | There was persistence for a period of approximately 6 weeks; without significant toxicities, 14 of the patients had stable disease and an OSR of 10.3 months | Kawakama et al. [60] |