Table 1.
Demographics at Baseline in Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment Assigned to American Elderberry Intervention or Placebo–Control (n = 24).
| Elderberry (n = 11) | Placebo–Control (n = 13) | Group Comparisons at Baseline | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | M (SD) | M (SD) | p |
| Age | 76.45 (8.47) | 76.23 (7.73) | 0.94 |
| Sex (M:F) | 3:8 | 7:6 | 0.37 |
| Race/Ethnicity (n, %) | 0.99 | ||
| White/Caucasian | (11, 100%) | (13, 100%) | -- |
| Black/African American | (0, 0%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| Native American/ American Indian |
(0, 0%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| Education (n, %) | 0.36 | ||
| Less than High School | (0, 0%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| High School or Equivalent | (5, 46%) | (3, 23%) | -- |
| Associates’ Degree | (1, 9%) | (0, 0%) | |
| Bachelor’s Degree | (1, 9%) | (4, 31%) | -- |
| Master’s Degree | (3, 27%) | (5, 38%) | -- |
| Doctoral Degree | (1, 9%) | (1, 8%) | -- |
| Household Income (n, %) | 0.21 | ||
| Less than USD 5000 | (0, 0%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| USD 5000 to USD 11,999 | (0, 0%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| USD 12,000–USD 15,999 | (0, 0%) | (1, 8%) | -- |
| USD 16,000–USD 24,999 | (3, 28%) | (1, 8%) | -- |
| USD 25,000–USD 34,999 | (2, 18%) | (0, 0%) | -- |
| USD 35,000–USD 49,999 | (2, 18%) | (2, 15%) | -- |
| USD 50,000–USD 74,999 | (1, 9%) | (3, 23%) | -- |
| USD 75,000 to USD 99,999 | (1, 9%) | (1, 8%) | -- |
| USD 100,000 and greater | (1, 9%) | (5, 38%) | -- |
| Not reported | (1, 9%) | -- | -- |
| Currently employed (n, %) | (2, 18%) | (1, 8%) | 0.88 |
| Dosages taken (%) | 97.07% (2.79%) | 97.17% (2.30%) | 0.46 |
| CDR a | 0.5 (0.00) | 0.5 (0.00) | -- |
Note. Sex refers to biological sex (M = male; F = female). Independent t-tests and chi-square analyses were used to determine significant differences between elderberry and placebo–control groups for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; a cannot conduct group comparisons due to a constant value in both groups.