Table 2.
OR (95% CI) for loneliness often or very often by exposure to bullying and covariates.
| Pct. Lonely | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Boys (n = 2659) | 5.5 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Girls (n = 2723) | 12.4 | 2.41 (1.97–2.95) | 2.47 (2.02–3.03) a |
| Age groups | |||
| 11-year-olds (n = 1896) | 7.0 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| 13-year-olds (n = 1943) | 10.1 | 1.52 (1.21–1.93) | 1.62 (1.28–2.05) a |
| 15-year-olds (n = 1543) | 10.0 | 1.50 (1.17–1.92) | 1.59 (1.24–2.04) a |
| Origin | |||
| Native Danish (n = 4857) | 8.6 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Descendants of immigrants (n = 325) | 10.8 | 1.23 (0.84–1.78) | 1.11 (0.76–1.64) a |
| Immigrants (n = 200) | 16.0 | 1.98 (1.32–2.91) | 1.70 (1.13–2.56) a |
| Occupational Social Class | |||
| High (n = 2369) | 7.7 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Medium (n = 1717) | 8.8 | 1.16 (0.93–1.46) | 1.17 (0.93–1.47) a |
| Unclassifiable (n = 849) | 10.7 | 1.44 (1.10–1.88) | 1.56 (1.19–2.06) a |
| Low (n = 447) | 13.4 | 1.81 (1.32–2.49) | 1.77 (1.27–2.46) a |
| Bullied at school: | |||
| Not bullied (n = 4373) | 6.0 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Once or twice (n = 669) | 15.8 | 2.92 (2.29–3.72) | 3.11 (2.42–3.99) b |
| Two to three times a month (n = 156) | 29.5 | 6.37 (4.41–9.20) | 6.46 (4.41–9.45) b |
| About once a week (n = 109 | 33.0 | 7.63 (5.01–11.62) | 8.10 (5.24–12.51) b |
| Several times a week (n = 75) | 42.7 | 11.34 (7.04–18.27) | 11.37 (6.94–18.64) b |
| Cyberbullied: | |||
| Not bullied (n = 4541) | 6.9 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Once or twice (n = 585) | 17.4 | 2.84 (2.22–3.62) | 2.75 (2.14–3.54) b |
| Two to three times a month (n = 130) | 26.2 | 4.65 (3.08–7.01) | 4.79 (3.13–7.32) b |
| About once a week (n = 59) | 27.1 | 5.06 (2.81–9.12) | 5.44 (2.97–9.98) b |
| Several times a week (n = 67) | 29.9 | 5.79 (3.38–9.94) | 7.65 (4.37–13.39) b |
| Combined measure: | |||
| Not habitually bullied (n = 4867) | 6.9 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Only cyberbullied (n = 175) c | 19.7 | 3.21 (2.17–4.76) | 3.67 (2.45–5.50) b |
| Only bullied at school (n = 259) c | 30.1 | 5.68 (4.26–7.59) | 5.66 (4.20–7.64) b |
| Both kinds of bullying (n = 81) c | 44.4 | 10.63 (6.74–16.75) | 11.21 (6.99–17.98) b |
a Sex, age group, origin, and occupational social class mutually adjusted. b Adjusted for sex, age group, origin, and occupational social class. c Defined as habitual bullying, i.e., at least two to three times per month.