Table 3.
Effect of some nanoparticles on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite content of Asteraceae plants.
| Plant Species | Elicitors | Type of In Vitro Culture | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticles | ||||
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | ZnO | ShC | Higher steviol glycoside content | [119] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | ZnO and CuO | ShC | Higher rooting, steviol glycoside, TPC, TFC, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity | [121] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | CuO | ShC | Positive effect on shoot organogenesis, steviol glycoside content, and AA | [120] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | AuCu | AdvRC | Positive impact on biomass and secondary metabolite production | [122] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | FeNPs | ShC | Improved growth parameters, higher levels of TPC, TFC and steviol glycosides, and AA | [123] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | Ag | ShC | Positive effect on the shoot production and length, as a microbicidal agent, as an inhibitor in ethylene synthesis, in photosynthetic pigment synthesis, nutrient accumulation, AA, and ROS generation | [125] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | SiO2 | ShC | Enhanced secondary metabolite biosynthesis | [126] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | Zn | ShC | Potential phytotoxicity | [127] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | Mg | ShC | Normal plant physiology and stevioside production | [128] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | Valine derivative nanofibers, carriers of silver atoms (NF-1%Ag and NF-2%Ag) | ShC | The stimulation of plant growth at low concentrations; the highest amount of stevioside at the highest NF-1%Ag concentration | [133] |
| Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (stevia) | L-aspartic acid derivative nanofibers with a dimeric molecular structure, carriers of Ag (NF2-Ag salt) | ShC | Increased soluble sugars and total dicaffeoylquinic (DCQA) acid content, enhanced CQA/DCQA ratio and micropropagation rate | [134] |
| Artemisia annua L. (sweet wormwood) | Ag-SiO2 | HR | Induced oxidative stress (higher H2O2 and MDA content), enhanced catalase activity, and increased artemisinin content | [129] |
| Artemisia annua L. (sweet wormwood) | Co | SuspC | Higher artemisinin yield; an upregulated expression of ADS, CYP, CPR, DBR2, and ALDH genes; a decreased expression of SQS and DBR2 genes | [131,132] |
Legend: AdvRC—adventitious root culture; HR—hairy root culture; ShC—shoot culture; SuspC—suspension culture; TPC—total phenolic content; TFC—total flavonoid content; and AA—antioxidant activity.