Table 1.
Sociodemographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 185) according to the three levels of cardiovascular risk.
| Low Risk (n = 55) | Medium Risk (n = 40) | High Risk (n = 90) | Full Sample (n = 185) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | p a Effect Size | |||
| Age (years) | 78 (5.6) | 77.5 (5.7) | 74 (6.1) | 76 (6.1) | 12.92; 0.002 * | 1633.5; r = 0.98 | |
| Body Mass Index c | 27 (4) | 28 (4.7) | 31.1 (6) | 29.2 (5.4) | 23.2; <0.001 ** | eta = 0.41 | |
| Number of CVRF | 1.1 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.5) | 2.4 (1.1) | 142.78; <0.001 ** | eta = 0.77 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | N (%) | p b | effect size | ||
| Gender | Female | 31 (56.4) | 21 (52.5) | 43 (47.8) | 95 (51.4) | 1.034; 0.596 | |
| Male | 24 (43.6) | 19 (47.5) | 47 (52.2) | 90 (48.6) | |||
| Educational level d | Preschool education | 10 (18.2) | 8 (20.5) | 25 (28.7) | 43 (23.8) | 16.66; 0.275 | |
| Primary education | 25 (45.5) | 14 (35.9) | 30 (34.5) | 69 (38.1) | |||
| Low secondary education | 13 (23.6) | 6 (15.4) | 13 (14.9) | 32 (17.7) | |||
| High secondary education | 3 (5.5) | 5 (12.8) | 14 (16.1) | 22 (12.2) | |||
| Superior Technician | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (2.8) | |||
| Tertiary education | 0 (0) | 3 (7.7) | 2 (2.3) | 5 (2.8) | |||
| University or postgraduate | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.7) | |||
| Alcohol consumption d | No | 44 (81.5) | 28 (71.8) | 71 (80.7) | 143 (79) | 1.571; 0.456 | |
| Yes | 10 (18.5) | 11 (28.2) | 17 (19.3) | 38 (21) | |||
| Tobacco use e | No | 38 (70.4) | 27 (69.2) | 59 (66.3) | 124 (68.1) | 4.689; 0.321 | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 3 (7.7) | 3 (3.4) | 6 (3.3) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 16 (29.6) | 9 (23.1) | 27 (30.3) | 52 (28.6) | |||
| T2D | Low Risk (n = 55) | Medium Risk (n = 40) | High Risk (n = 90) | Full sample (N = 185) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | N (%) | p b | effect size | ||
| No | 55 (100) | 7 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 62 (33.5) | 159.082; <0.001 ** | eta = 0.93 | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 33 (82.5) | 90 (100) | 123 (66.5) | |||
| Years of evolution h | - | 13.5 (1.9) | 16.7 (0.9) | 15.9 (8.7) | 4.873; 0.027 * | 692; r = 0.48 | |
| Hypertension f | No | 26 (47.3) | 18 (46.2) | 8 (8.9) | 52 (28.3) | 32.623; <0.001 ** | eta = 0.42 |
| Yes | 29 (52.7) | 21 (53.8) | 82 (91.1) | 132 (71.7) | |||
| Dyslipidemia | No | 30 (54.5) | 23 (57.5) | 8 (8.9) | 61 (33) | 46.090; <0.001 ** | eta = 0.5 |
| Yes | 25 (45.5) | 17 (42.5) | 82 (91.1) | 124 (67) | |||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome g | No | 50 (96.2) | 35 (89.7) | 66 (77.6) | 151 (85.8) | 9.708; 0.008 * | eta = 0.23 |
| Yes | 2 (3.8) | 4 (10.3) | 19 (22.4) | 25 (14.2) | |||
| Ischemic Cardiopathy | No | 48 (88.9) | 35 (87.5) | 70 (77.8) | 153 (83.2) | 3.664; 0.160 | |
| Yes | 6 (11.1) | 5 (12.5) | 20 (22.2) | 31 (16.8) | |||
| Cardiovascular Illness h | No | 50 (92.6) | 37 (92.5) | 81 (92) | 168 (92.3) | 0.017; 0.992 | |
| Yes | 4 (7.4) | 3 (7.5) | 7 (8) | 14 (7.7) | |||
| Peripheral Arteriopathy i | No | 53 (98.1) | 38 (95) | 76 (85.4) | 167 (91.3) | 7.752; 0.021 * | eta = 0.206 |
| Yes | 1 (1.9) | 2 (5) | 13 (14.6) | 16 (8.7) | |||
| Apoe Genotype j | E2/E2; E3/E3 | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | 5 (55.6) | 9 (7) | 2.290; 0.683 | |
| E2/E4; E3/E4 | 11 (25.6) | 7 (16.3) | 25 (58.1) | 43 (33.6) | |||
| E4/E4 | 26 (34.2) | 16 (21.1) | 34 (44.7) | 76 (59.4) | |||
Note. a Chi-squared test is used for categorical variables b Kruskal–Wallis test for quantitative variables. p-value (p < 0.05) indicates statistical differences between CVR levels. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.001. c 15 missing values. d 4 missing values. e 3 missing values. f 1 missing value. g 2 missing values. h 8 missing values. i 56 missing values. j 22 missing values.