| ANS | Aminated nano-silica |
| APTES | (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane |
| FT-IR | Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy |
| TGA | Thermo-gravimetric analysis |
| PST | Particle size tests |
| KCl | Potassium chloride |
| HPAM | Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide |
| NS | Nano-silica |
| BET | Brunauer-Emmett-Teller |