Table 3.
Multivariate analyses of factors associated with functional independence at 3 months (mRS score = 0–2).
| Variable | Unadjusted Analysis | Adjusted Analysis † | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||
| Age | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 0.001 |
| Previous mRS score ≤ 1 | 5.89 (1.73–20.06) | 0.005 | - | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.64 (0.37–1.103) | 0.108 | - | - |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.61 (0.33–1.108) | 0.104 | - | - |
| Drug abuse | 6.59 (0.72–54.94) | 0.09 | - | - |
| Prior treatments | ||||
| Statins | 0.71 (0.46–1.17) | 0.18 | - | - |
| Anticoagulants | 0.56 (0.26–1.21) | 0.14 | - | - |
| Underdosed vitamin K antagonist * | 0.23 (0.041–1.28) | 0.093 | - | - |
| Transfer model | ||||
| Direct transfer | Reference | - | - | |
| NH | 2.35 (1.17–4.72) | 0.016 | - | - |
| DH | 1.37 (0.59–3.3) | 0.48 | 0.37 (0.14–0.97) | 0.04 |
| NIHSS | 0.9 (0.86–0.94) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.001 |
| Secondary transfer time | 0.99 (0.99–1.001) | 0.19 | ||
| Stroke etiology (TOAST) | ||||
| Other determined etiology | 2.17 (0.73–6.45) | 0.16 | - | - |
| Blood biomarkers | ||||
| NT-proBNP | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.012 | - | - |
| Procedure | ||||
| IVT | 1.59 (0.97–2.64) | 0.068 | - | - |
| Door-to-needle time | 1.001 (0.99–1.005) | 0.70 | - | - |
| Onset-to-groin time | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.13 | - | - |
| Door-to-groin time | 1.00 (0.99–1.003) | 0.86 | - | - |
| MT duration | 0.99 (0.99–1.003) | 0.26 | - | - |
| Passes in MT ≤ 3 | 2.87 (1.36–6.06) | 0.006 | 3.8 (1.5–9.6) | 0.004 |
| TICI 2b-3 | 2.8 (1.28–6.19) | 0.01 | - | - |
| In-hospital outcomes and complications | ||||
| Early neurological improvement ** | 0.105 (0.031–0.35) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Hemorrhagic transformation *** | 0.19 (0.077–0.46) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Brain edema with midline deviation | 0.087 (0.33–0.23) | <0.001 | 0.13 (0.038–0.42) | 0.001 |
| Craniectomy | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.99 | - | - |
| Renal insufficiency | 0.53 (0.25–1.16) | 0.11 | - | - |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 0.11 (0.047–0.28) | <0.001 | 0.18 (0.06–0.55) | 0.002 |
* Defined as INR < 1.7. ** Improvement in the NIHSS score of 4 or more points 24 h after MT. *** Parenchymal hematoma type 1 (PH1) or type 2 (PH2) according to the ECASS classification. mRS, modified Rankin scale; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NH, nearby hospital; DH, distant hospital; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; TICI, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale score. † Adjusted by age, previous mRS score ≤ 1, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, drugs, statins, anticoagulants, underdosed vitamin K antagonist, transfer model, NIHSS, secondary transfer time, stroke etiology, NT proBNP, IVT, door-to-needle time, onset-to-groin time, door-to-groin time, MT duration, number of passes in MT, TICI 2b-3, early neurological improvement, hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema with midline deviation, craniectomy, renal insufficiency, and respiratory infections.