Table 2.
Summary of concentration (mmol/mL), dose (mmol/kg), and T1 relaxivity at 1.5 T (L/mmol-s) of GBCAs according to their package inserts and to EMA/FDA guidelines (see notes).
| Type | Active Principle | Commercial | Concentration | Dose mmol/kg | Dose mL/kg | T1 rel | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECSA | Gadoterate meglumine | Dotarem® Clariscan® |
0.5 M | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.6 | Adults and pediatric patients (including term neonates). |
| Gadobutrol | Gadavist® Gadovist® |
1 M | 0.1 | 0.1 | 5.2 | Adults and pediatric patients (including term neonates). | |
| Gadopentetate dimeglumine | Magnevist® | 0.5 M | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.1 | Suspended by EMA for intravenous use. According to FDA: adults and pediatric patients (including term neonates). | |
| Gadodiamide | Omniscan® | 0.5 M | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.3 | Suspended by EMA. According to FDA: adults and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older; for imaging the kidney, halving the dose (0.05 mmol/kg) is recommended. | |
| Gadoversetamide | Optimark® | 0.5 M | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.7 | Suspended by EMA. According to FDA: contraindicated up to 4w, not recommended up to 2 y of age. | |
| Gadoteridol | ProHance® | 0.5 M | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.1 | Adults and pediatric patients (including term neonates). According to FDA: supplementary dose (0.2 mmol/kg) may be given up to 30 min after the first dose in adults without renal impairment if poorly visualized CNS lesions or equivocal MR scan. | |
| Gadopiclenol | Vueway® Elucirem® |
0.5 M | 0.05 | 0.1 | 12.8 | Approved by EMA and FDA: adults and pediatric patients aged 2 y and older. | |
| HSCA | Gadoxetate disodium | Eovist® Primovist® |
0.25 M | 0.025 | 0.1 | 6.9 | Not recommended for use in children below 18 y. According to EMA: approved for hepatobiliary imaging only; organ-specific imaging of liver at 0.025 mmol/kg. According to FDA: allowed up to 0.05 mmol/kg, but at present recommended at 0.025 mmol/kg for hepatobiliary imaging only. |
| Gadobenate diemglumine | MultiHance® | 0.5 M | 0.05–0.1 | 0.1 | 6.3 | According to EMA: approved for hepatobiliary imaging only; organ-specific imaging of liver at 0.05 mmol/kg. According to FDA: no restriction (i.e., also indicated for CNS imaging and MR angiography); recommended dose 0.1 mmol/kg in adults and pediatric patients aged 2 y and older; halving the dose in pediatric patients aged less than 2 y. | |
| BPA | Gadofosveset trisodium | Ablavar® Vasovist® |
0.25 M | 0.03 | 0.12 | 19 | Production discontinued due to poor sales. |