Skip to main content
. 2024 Apr 18;13(8):2348. doi: 10.3390/jcm13082348

Table 2.

Factors identified for non-adherence among the reviewed reviews among WHO classification of factors for non-adherence.

Healthcare System Socioeconomic Factors Patient-Related Treatment Related Condition-Related
  • -

    Medicare insurance [13]

  • -

    Lack of interventions targeted at adherence in the adolescent population (Adherence improved with the intervention) [14]

  • -

    Males [14,25,42,43]

  • -

    Young age (<40 years) [12,43]

  • -

    Older pediatric patients [44]

  • -

    Pediatric populations [42]

  • -

    African American [43]

  • -

    Being divorced [25,42,43]

  • -

    Poor social functioning or social support instability [13,14,25,40,43]

  • -

    Low income or financial barriers [13]

  • -

    Higher education levels before transplantation [14]

  • -

    Low literacy barriers [13]

  • -

    Low health literacy [43]

  • -

    Employed [43]

  • -

    Unemployment at time of listing for liver transplant (1–3)

  • -

    Lower educational attainment [13]

  • -

    Low family cohesion [44]

  • -

    Single parent family [44]

  • -

    Living alone [13]

  • -

    Autonomy from family [38]

  • -

    Poor abstract thinking [38]

  • -

    Understanding long-term consequences of present actions [38]

  • -

    Lower conscientiousness before transplant [14]

  • -

    Prior history of alcohol abuse reviews [39,43]

  • -

    Missing clinical appointments [42,43]

  • -

    Ongoing psychiatric illness [12,13]

  • -

    Poor mental health [25,44]

  • -

    Having a pretransplant diagnosis of mood disorder [14,42]

  • -

    Mental health needs [43]

  • -

    Active substance abuse [13,25]

  • -

    Prior history of alcohol abuse [39,43]

  • -

    Missing clinical appointments [42,43]

  • -

    Prior history of medication non-adherence [43]

  • -

    Self management skills: Ability for functioning effectively in the adult healthcare system (specially for adolescents) [38]

  • -

    Having intact perspective memory [43]

  • -

    Self-reported non-adherence before transplant [14]

  • -

    Poor pre-operative adherence [42]

  • -

    Conviction that the medication is harmful [12]

  • -

    Side effects [12,13,14,43]

  • -

    High cost (1–3)

  • -

    Difficult regimes [13,14,41]

  • -

    Number of medications [14]

  • -

    Lack of medication knowledge/poor medication understanding [13]

  • -

    Lack of control and reduction of the number of doses [25]

  • -

    More immunosuppressant related symptom frequency and/or symptom distress [43]

  • -

    Hospital readmission [14]

  • -

    Higher number of comorbid conditions [13]

  • -

    Longer time from transplant [13,14,43]