Table 3.

Summary of clinical trials about the application of FMT in MAFLD patients.

Study Design	Study Groups	Intervention	Outcomes
Randomized controlled trial [48]	FMT group (n = 47) vs. non-FMT group (n = 28) vs. healthy controls (n = 10)	Administration of probiotics in non-FMT group. Administration of 200 mL of bacterial cocktail from healthy donors for 3 days in FMT-group	Promotion of gut eubiosis after FMT Better efficacy of FMT among lean MAFLD patients than obese MAFLD patients
Randomized controlled trial [49]	Allogeneic FMT group (n = 15) vs. autologous FMT group (n = 6)	Allogeneic or autologous FMT	Allogeneic FMT significantly improved intestinal permeability better than autologous FMT. No significant statistical differences in insulin resistance and hepatic proton density fat fraction between autologous and allogeneic FMT
Randomized controlled trial [50]	Autologous FMT (n = 11) vs. allogeneic FMT (n = 10)	Allogeneic or autologous FMT	Allogeneic FMT significantly improved necro-inflammatory histology and bio-humoral liver profile

Abbreviations: FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.