Table 3.
Reproductive outcomes of studies reporting FST with trachelectomy for early-stage cervical cancer greater than 2 cm.
| Cao et al. [16] | Deng et al. [18] | Guo et al. [19] | Lanowska et al. [20] | Li et al. [6] | Lintner et al. [21] | Lu et al. [22] | Marchiolè et al. [23] | Plante et al. [24] | Rendòn et al. [25] | Robova et al. [26] | Tesfai et al. [28] | Vercellino et al. [29] | Wethington et al. [8] | Zusterzeel et al. [30] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 150 | 45 | 329 | 20 | 133 | 45 | 7 | 19 | 3 | 25 | 28 | 19 | 18 | 29 | 18 |
| Year | 2013 | 2016 | 2018 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2014 | 2018 | 2006 | 2020 | 2014 | 2015 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
| Cervical cancer greater than 2 cm, n (%) | 48 (32) | 45 (100) | 75 (22.8) | 20 (100) | 62 (46.6) | 45 (100) | 7 (100) | 19 (100) | 3 (100) | 25 (100) | 28 (100) | 19 (100) | 6 (33.3) | 9 (31) | 14 (77.8) |
| Age, years (median) | 30.0 (18–39) | 28.5 (19–40) | 31(18–42) | 32 (26–41) | 30.4 (20–44) | 32 (24–43) | 28 (22–35) | 28.3 (21–37) | 35 (26–36) | 27 (20–37) | 28.6 (15–34) | 28 (19–36) | 31.3 (25–38) | 31 (22–40) | 29 (23–36) |
| FST approach employed, n (%) |
ART, 24 (50) VRT, 24 (50) |
ART, 45 (100) | ART, 75 (100) | VRT, 20 (100) | ART, 55 (88.7) | ART, 45 (100) | ART, 7 (100) | LARVT | VRT, 3 (100) | ART, 20 (80) | VRT, 28 (100) | ART, 16 (84.2) | VRT, 6 (100) | ART or VRT, 9 (31) | VRT, 14 (100) |
| NACT, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 (100) | 0 | 0 | 7 (100) | 19 (100) | 3 (100) | 25 (100) | 28 (100) | 19 (100) | 6 (100) | 0 | 14 (100) |
| NACT regimen, n (%) |
- | - | - | TIP for 2 cycles, 15 (75) TIP for 3 cycles, 4 (20) TP for 2 cycles, 1 (5) |
- | - | Bleomycin + cisplatin + mitomycin, 7 (100) | TIP for 4, 3 or 2 cycles, 11 (57.9) TP for 6, 4 or 3 cycles, 3 (15.8) TEP for 4 or 3 cycles, 5 (26.3) |
TIP for 2 cycles, 3 (100) | TC, 8 (32) TP, 7 (28) TIP, 4 (16) Paclitaxel + cisplatin + 5- fluorouracil, 3 (12) 5- fluorouracil + ifosfamide + cisplatin, 2 (8) Vincristine + bleomycin + cisplatin, 1 (4) |
Cisplatin + ifosfamide, 15 (53.6) Cisplatin + doxorubicin, 13 (46.4) |
TP for 6 cycles, 11 (57.9) TP for 2 or 3 cycles, 8 (42.1) |
TIP for 2 or 3 cycles, 6 (100) | - | TP for 2, 3 or 6 cycles, 14 (100) |
| Nulliparous, n (%) | 112 (74.7) | 20 (40.8) | n.d. | 17 (85) | 42 (67.7%) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 2 (66.7) | n.d. | 26 (92.9) | n.d. | n.d. | 24 (83) | 14 (100) |
| Primiparous, n (%) | 38 (25.3) | 29 (59.2) | n.d. | 3 (15) | 20 (32.3%) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1 (33.3) | n.d. | 2 (7.1) | n.d. | n.d. | (17.2) | 0 |
| Attempted to conceive, n (%) | 24 (50) | 19 (42.2) | 29 (38.7) | 7 (35) | 9 (16.3) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (57.1) | 6 (31.6) | 3 | n.d. | 16 (57.1) | 15 (93.8) | 6 (100) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (50) |
| Follow-up period, months (mean or median) | VRT, 34.4 ART, 20.6 |
37 (18–76) | 75.5 (6–168) | 23.1 ± 26.6 | 30.2 | 27 | 66 (12–90) | n.d. | n.d. | 47 (13–133) | 42 (5–103) | 50 (3–144) | 31.6 | 44 (1–90) | 49.7 (11.4–110.8) |
| Pregnancies, n (%) | 3 (12.5) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (17.2) | 7 (100) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (50) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (50) | 3 (100) | 13 (56.5) | 13 (81.3) | 8 (53.3) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (50) | 6 (85.7) |
| Spontaneous pregnancies, n (%) | n.d. | 5 (100) | n.d. | 7 (100) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 10 (76.9) | 8 (53.3) | n.d. | 1 (100) | 2 (33.3) |
| Assisted reproductive technologies, n (%) | n.d. | 0 | n.d. | 0 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 3 (23.1) | 0 | n.d. | 0 | 4 (66.7) |
| Miscarriages, n (%) | 0 | 4 (80) | 6 (75) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (25) | 1 (50) | 0 | 0 | 1 (7.7) | 3 (23.1) | 2 (25) | 0 | 1 (100) | 2 (33.3) |
| Ectopic pregnancies, n (%) | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Twin pregnancy, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Preterm delivery, n (%) | n.d. | 0 | n.d. | 2 (28.6) | 0 | 1 (25) | 1 (50) | n.d. | 1 (33.3) | 7 (53.8) | 3 (23.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full-term delivery (%) | n.d. | 1 (20) | n.d. | 2 (42.8) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (50) | 0 | n.d. | 2 (66.7) | 4 (30.8) | 5 | 6 (75) | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (50) |
| Live births, n (%) | 3 (12.5) | 1 | 2 (25) | 4 (57.1) 1 ongoing pregnancy |
1 (33.3) | 3 (75) | 1 (50) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 11 (84.6) 1 ongoing pregnancy |
8 (61.5) 2 ongoing pregnancies |
6 (75) | 1 (100) | 0 | 3 (50) 1 ongoing pregnancy |
| PR (%) | 12.5 | 26.3 | 17.2 | 100 | 33.3 | 50 | 28.6 | 50 | 100 | 56.5 | 81.3 | 53.3 | 16.7 | 50 | 85.7 |
| MR (%) | 0 | 80 | 75 | 28.6 | 66.7 | 25 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 7.7 | 23.1 | 25 | 0 | 100 | 33.3 |
| LBR (%) | 100 | 20 | 25 | 57.1 | 33.3 | 75 | 14.3 | 100 | 100 | 84.6 | 61.5 | 75 | 100 | 0 | 50 |
FST: fertility-sparing treatment; VRT: vaginal radical trachelectomy; ART: abdominal radical trachelectomy; LARVT: laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal trachelectomy; NACT: neo-adjuvant chemotherapy; TIP: paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin; TEP: paclitaxel, epirubicin, and cisplatin; TP: paclitaxel and cisplatin; TC: paclitaxel and carboplatin; PR: pregnancy rate; MR: miscarriage rate; LBR: live birth rate.