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Summary of the main patch antenna characteristics.
| Parameter | Without DGS | With Open Matryoshka DGS | With Closed Matryoshka DGS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First resonance frequency (GHz) | 3.52 | 2.35 | 3.29 | |
| −10 dB bandwidth | (MHz) | 92 | 53 | 108 |
| (%) | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.3 | |
| Gain (dBi) | 4.24 | 2.40 | 3.55 | |
