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Percentage reduction in the adhesion of C. perfringens (CP) to CHIC-8E11 cells following pre-treatment with probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS). The reduction in the adhesion percentage in the probiotic CFS pre-treated groups was compared to the response in the medium control. Experiments were performed three times with three replicates per experiment (nine replicates in total). Values represent means ± SD. ***, statistically significant at p < 0.001.
