Figure 4.

Permeability change in CHIC-8E11 cells challenged with C. perfringens cell-free supernatant (CFS) following pre-treatment with probiotic CFS. Permeability was measured using the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) permeability assay and is expressed as a percentage of the amount (μg) of FD4 in the basolateral compartment of cell culture inserts relative to that in the apical compartment after 2 h incubation with C. perfringens CFS. The reduction in permeability (%) was calculated relative to the medium control (without probiotic CFS pre-treatment). Experiments were performed 3 times with 1–3 replicates per experiment (5 replicates in total). Values represent means ± SD. *, statistically significant at p < 0.05; **, statistically significant at p < 0.01; n.s., non-significant at p < 0.05.