Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified to LVAD flow profiles
| Axial flow (n=122) | Centrifugal flow (n=72) | Centrifugal flow with artificial pulse (n=95) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 49.2 ± 12.8 | 54.6 ± 12.8 | 52.4 ± 13.6 | 0.02 |
| Male gender | 85 (69.7%) | 45 (62.5%) | 63 (66.3%) | 0.59 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.3 ± 14.2 | 74.4 ± 13.6 | 78.0 ± 14.5 | 0.13 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.91 ± 0.20 | 1.90 ± 0.19 | 1.95 ± 0.20 | 0.12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 24.6 ± 4.0 | 0.28 |
| Patient history | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 99 ± 15 | 103 ± 15 | 102 ± 13 | 0.19 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 63 ± 11 | 68 ± 12 | 65 ± 11 | 0.02 |
| Smoking history | 60 (49.2%) | 23 (31.9%) | 40 (42.1%) | 0.06 |
| COPD | 17 (13.9%) | 13 (18.1%) | 9 (9.5%) | 0.27 |
| Previous cardiothoracic surgery | 18 (14.8%) | 12 (16.7%) | 11 (11.6%) | 0.63 |
| Preoperative medication | ||||
| LMWH | 24 (19.7%) | 28 (38.9%) | 55 (57.9%) | <0.01 |
| Beta blocker | 42 (34.4%) | 18 (25.0%) | 17 (17.9%) | 0.02 |
| ACE inhibitor | 52 (42.6%) | 25 (34.7%) | 19 (20.0%) | <0.01 |
| ATII receptor blocker | 15 (12.3%) | 11 (15.3%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.01 |
| Loop diuretics | 112 (91.8%) | 63 (87.5%) | 87 (91.6%) | 0.57 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 85 (69.7%) | 59 (81.9%) | 79 (83.2%) | 0.03 |
| Dopamine | 23 (18.9%) | 2 (2.8%) | 4 (4.2%) | n.s. |
| Dobutamine | 74 (60.7%) | 35 (48.6%) | 45 (47.4%) | 0.10 |
| Milrinone | 52 (42.6%) | 26 (36.1%) | 35 (36.8%) | 0.57 |
| Noradrenaline | 4 (3.3%) | 4 (5.6%) | 7 (7.4%) | n.s. |
| Preoperative laboratory data | ||||
| Hemoglobin (mmol/L) | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 1.2 | <0.01 |
| Bilirubin (umol/L) | 27 [18–40] | 20 [12–32] | 18 [11–32] | <0.01 |
| ASAT (U/L) | 36 [27–69] | 34 [25–56] | 34 [22–49] | 0.32 |
| ALAT (U/L) | 49 [27–121] | 40 [26–64] | 41 [25–105] | 0.07 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 124 ± 44 | 121 ± 55 | 115 ± 44 | 0.32 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 61 ± 23 | 63 ± 27 | 68 ± 29 | 0.20 |
| Type of heart failure | ||||
| Ischemic | 24 (19.7%) | 23 (31.9%) | 20 (21.1%) | 0.15 |
| Dilated | 79 (64.8%) | 44 (61.1%) | 70 (73.7%) | 0.16 |
| Myocarditis | 6 (4.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | n.s. |
| Peripartum | 3 (2.5%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | n.s. |
| Hypertrophic | 4 (3.3%) | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | n.s. |
| Toxic | 6 (4.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | n.s. |
| Right ventricular function | ||||
| Bad | 24 (20.2%) | 7 (9.7%) | 12 (12.6%) | 0.11 |
| Moderate | 73 (61.3%) | 42 (58.3%) | 48 (50.5%) | 0.27 |
| Good | 22 (18.5%) | 23 (31.9%) | 35 (36.8%) | 0.01 |
| INTERMACS classification | ||||
| INTERMACS class I | 4 (3.3%) | 3 (4.2%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0.92 |
| INTERMACS class II | 67 (54.9%) | 24 (33.3%) | 34 (35.8%) | <0.01 |
| INTERMACS class III | 43 (35.2%) | 29 (40.3%) | 33 (34.7%) | 0.72 |
| INTERMACS class IV–VI | 8 (6.6%) | 16 (22.2%) | 24 (25.3%) | <0.01 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or numbers with percentages. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme. ALAT alanine transaminase. ASAT aspartate transaminase. ATII angiotensin II. BMI body mass index. BSA body surface area. CARA chronic aspecific respiratory disease. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. GFR glomerular filtration rate. LMWH low molecular weight heparin. n.s. no statistics performed (for example, because of too little numbers)