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. 2024 Apr 26;14:9598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59190-5

Table 2.

Characterization of antiallergic eye drops evaluated in the study.

Code Active component (% w/v) pH [mean (SD)] Viscosity (mPa·s) [mean (SD)] Osmolarity (mOsm/L) [mean (SD)] Phosphate concentration (PO43-, ppm) Classification according to phosphate concentration*
EDF 1 Ketotifen fumarate (0.025%) 5.31 (0.03) 1.2 (0.00) 245 (1.15)  < 0.6 Without phosphates
EDF 2 Azelastine hydrochloride (0.05%) 5.69 (0.01) 3.0 (0.00) 278 (1.00) 3.66 With phosphates
EDF 3 Bilastine (0.6%) 7.32 (0.02) 6.8 (0.12) 294 (1.15)  < 0.3 Phosphates-free
EDF 4 Olopatadine hydrochloride (0.222%) 7.11 (0.00) 1.5 (0.00) 308 (1.53) 3,213 With phosphates
EDF 5 Azelastine hydrochloride (0.05%) 5.90 (0.03) 2.5 (0.00) 282 (2.31)  < 0.6 Without phosphates
EDF 6 Olopatadine hydrochloride (0.776%) 7.10 (0.01) 27.7 (0.06) 331 (4.36) 1.8 With phosphates
EDF 7 Levocabastine hydrochloride (0.05%) 6.94 (0.00) 6.4 (0.06) 1038 (3.06) 9207 With phosphates
EDF 8 Olopatadine hydrochloride (0.1%) 7.11 (0.00) 1.2 (0.00) 295 (1.53) 3324 With phosphates
EDF 9 Ketotifen fumarate (0.025%) 5.39 (0.01) 1.4 (0.00) 245 (1.15)  < 0.6 Without phosphates

Data are presented as the mean ± SD (standard deviation).

EDF, eye drop formulation.

*Category according to the classification described in the Material and Methods section.