Table 5.
Significant enrichment in biological pathways
| Pathwaysa | Genesb |
|---|---|
| TGF-beta signaling | BAMBI, BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, CDH1, CDKN2B, GREM1, MYC, RUNX2, SMAD3, SMAD6, SMAD7, SMAD9, TGIF1 |
| Hippo signaling | BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, CDH1, GNAS, MYC, PARD6B, SMAD3, SMAD7, TCF7L2, WNT4, WNT7B |
| TNF-alpha Signaling via NF-kB | TGIF1, BMP2, CDKN1A, EDN1, CEBPB, SMAD3, MYC, IRS2 |
| BMP signaling | BMP2, SMAD6, RUNX2, SMAD9, SMAD7 |
| Pluripotency of stem cells | POU5F1B, BMP4, SMAD3, MYC, WNT7B, SMAD9, TBX3, WNT4, PDGFB, SMAD6, SMAD7, TCF7L2 |
| Epithelial–mesenchymal transition | SMAD3, CDH1, RUNX2, GREM1, COL4A2, LRP1, IGFBP3, LAMC1, NID2, WNT7B, WNT4 |
| Extracellular matrix organization | BMP4, BMP2, COL4A2, PDGFB, NTN4, LAMC1, HSPG2, NID2, BMP7, ADAMTS9 |
| Senescence and Autophagy | BMP2, CDKN1A, CEBPB, SMAD3, MAP1LC3A, IGFBP3, CDKN2B, MYC, KLF5 |
| DNA damage response | TCF7L2, CDKN1A, SMAD3, MYC, WNT7B, WNT4 |
| Cell cycle | CDKN1A, CDKN2B, SMAD3, MYC |
| Focal adhesion | COL4A2, PDGFB, LAMC1, MYL12A, MYL12B, VAV2 |
| Adherens junction | PTPN1, TCF7L2, SMAD3, CDH1 |
| Glycolysis | GOT1, IGFBP3, IRS2, SOX9, PYGL, LCT |
| Proteoglycans in cancer | CDKN1A, MYC, WNT7B, HSPG2, WNT4, VAV2 |
| Androgen Response | HPGD, ZMIZ1, STK39, MYL12A |
| Sphingolipid Metabolism | UGT8, CERS5 |
| Other cancer related pathwaysc | TCF7L2, CDKN1A, EDN1, CDKN2B, SMAD3, WNT7B, PTGER3, PDGFB, LAMC1, MLH1, BMP4, BMP2, COL4A2, TERT, CDH1, MYC, GNA12, GNAS, WNT4, ATF1, CEBPB, BCL11B, HPGD, IGFBP3, RUNX2, ZMIZ1, SMAD6, SMAD7, VAV2, TFEB |
aGenes from the same or similar pathway item in multiple databases were combined.
bGenes identified in this study for each pathway item are highlighted in bold.
cGenes from all general cancer-related pathways (i.e., pathway in cancer, colorectal cancer) identified in multiple databases were combined.