Table 2.

Association of covariates and asthma risk.

Variable	ORa (95% CIb)	p-Value
Age(years)	0.96 (0.94∼0.97)	<0.001
Sex, n(%)
Male	Reference
Female	1.3 (1.12∼1.5)	<0.001
Race and ethnicity, n(%)
Mexican American	Reference
Other Hispanic	0.78 (0.6∼1.02)	0.068
Non-Hispanic White	0.78 (0.63∼0.97)	0.026
Non-Hispanic Black	0.52 (0.42∼0.63)	<0.001
Other/Multi-Racial	0.7 (0.54∼0.91)	0.007
PIRc, n(%)
Low(<1.3)	Reference
Median(1.3–3.5)	1.14 (0.97∼1.33)	0.106
High(>3.5)	1.1 (0.89∼1.35)	0.37
Family asthma, n(%)
No	Reference
Yes	3.42 (2.95∼3.96)	<0.001
Second-hand smoking, n(%)
Yes	Reference
No	0.79 (0.68∼0.93)	0.004
WBCd(1000 cells/uL)	1.02 (0.99∼1.05)	0.267
EOPCe(%)	0.9 (0.88∼0.92)	<0.001
HGBf(g/dL)	0.98 (0.93∼1.04)	0.489
Dietary supplements taken, n(%)
Yes	Reference
No	1.1 (0.91∼1.35)	0.329
Calorie consumption(kcal/day)	1 (1∼1)	<0.001
Protein consumption (gm/day)	1 (1∼1)	0.015
Carbohydrate consumption (gm/day)	1 (1∼1)	0.007
Sugar consumption (gm/day)	1 (1∼1)	0.017
Fiber consumption (gm/day)	1 (0.99∼1.01)	0.679
Fat consumption (gm/day)	1 (0.99∼1)	<0.001
Zinc intake (mg/day)	0.98 (0.97∼1)	0.007

^aOdds ratio.

^bConfidence interval.

^cRatio of income to poverty.

^dWhite blood cell count.

^eEosinophils percent.

^fHemoglobin