Table 3.

Glucose metabolism-related metabolites in bladder cancer.

Study	Sample type	Analytical platform	Anaerobic oxidation (glycolysis)					Aerobic oxidation (the TCA cycle)
			Glucose	Fructose	Pyruvic acid	Lactose	Lactic acid	Citrate or citric acid	Succinate	Malic acid	Fumaric acid	Itaconate
Srivastava et al., 2010 [21]	Urine	H-NMR						↓
Kim et al., 2010 [23]	Urine	GC-MS
Pasikanti et al., 2010 [22]	Urine	GC/TOFMS		↓				↓
Cao et al., 2012 [27]	Serum	H-NMR	↑				↓	↓
Bansal et al., 2013 [30]	Serum	H-NMR					↑
Pasikanti et al., 2013 [29]	Urine	GC×GC-TOFMS						↓
Tripathi et al., 2013 [35]	Tissue	HR-MAS-NMR GC-MS					↑
Jin et al., 2014 [33]	Urine	HPLC-QTOFMS			↑				↑
Wittmann et al., 2014 [36]	Urine	UHPLC-MS/MS GC-MS		↓	↓		↑	↓	↓			↓
Zhou et al., 2016 [38]	Plasma	GC-MS-SIM				↓				↑	↑
Jacyna et al., 2019 [43]	Urine	MS and H-NMR					↑
Loras et al., 2019 [45]	Urine	NMR					↓↑	↓↑	↓↑
Jacyna et al., 2022 [50]	Urine	MS and H-NMR					↑

TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; H-NMR, proton NMR; GC, gas chromatography; MS, mass spectrometry; TOFMS, time-of-flight MS; GC×GC-TOFMS, two-dimensional GC-TOFMS; HR-MAS-NMR, high resolution-magic angle spinning NMR; HPLC-QTOFMS, high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole TOFMS; UHPLC-MS/MS, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem MS; SIM, selected ion monitoring. ↓, downregulated; ↑, upregulated; ↓↑, undetermined trend.