Table 4.
Metabolites of amino acid metabolism in bladder cancer.
| Study | Sample type | Analytical platform | Essential amino acid |
Non-essential amino acid |
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leu | Met | Lys | Val | Ile | Phe | Trp | Thr | Ser | Cys | Asp | Pro | Arg | Tyr | Asn | Glu | Gly | Ala | His | Tau | Gln | |||
| Srivastava et al., 2010 [21] | Urine | H-NMR | ↓ | ↑ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kim et al., 2010 [23] | Urine | GC-MS | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||
| Pasikanti et al., 2010 [22] | Urine | GC/TOFMS | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gamagedara et al., 2012 [26] | Urine | LC-MS | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Putluri et al., 2011 [24] | Urine | LC-MS | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||||||
| Huang et al., 2011 [25] | Urine | LC-MS | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cao et al., 2012 [27] | Serum | H-NMR | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||||||||||||||
| Bansal et al., 2013 [30] | Serum | H-NMR | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tripathi et al., 2013 [35] | Tissue | HR-MAS-NMR GC-MS | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||
| Wittmann et al., 2014 [36] | Urine | UHPLC-MS/MS GC-MS | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||||||
| Shen et al., 2015 [37] | Urine | UPLC-HRMS | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | |||||||||||||||
| Yumba Mpanga et al., 2018 [41] | Urine | RP-HPLC-QQQ/MS | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Jacyna et al., 2019 [43] | Urine | MS and H-NMR | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loras et al., 2019 [45] | Tissue and urine | H-NMR | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | |||||||||||||
| Łuczykowski et al., 2021 [47] | Urine | LC-MS | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Li et al., 2022 [49] | Urine | LC-MS | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Jacyna et al., 2022 [50] | Urine | MS and H-NMR | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
Leu, leucine; Met, methionine; Lys, lysine; Ile, isoleucine; Val, valine; Phe, phenylalanine; Trp, tryptophan; Thr, threonine; Ser, serine; Cys, cysteine; Asp, aspartic acid; Pro, proline; Arg, arginine; Tyr, tyrosine; Asn, asparagine; Glu, glutamate; Gly, glycine; Ala, alanine; His, histidine; Tau, taurine; Gln, glutamine; MS, mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; H-NMR, proton NMR; GC, gas chromatography; TOFMS, time-of-flight MS; LC, liquid chromatography; HR-MAS-NMR, high resolution magic angle spinning NMR; UHPLC-MS/MS, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem MS; UPLC-HRMS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and direct infusion high-resolution MS; RP-HPLC-QQQ/MS, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole MS. ↓, downregulated; ↑, upregulated; ↓↑, undetermined trend.