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. 2024 Apr 12;8:e45959. doi: 10.2196/45959

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of a sample of US adults from a cross-sectional survey examining the feasibility and acceptability of a mental health screening and referral chatbota.


Total Agreed to chatbot use Declined chatbot use Inferential statistics




Chi-square (df) P value Cramér V
Sex, n (%) 139.3 (2) .19 0.10

Female 119 (36.2) 85 (71.4) 34 (28.6)



Male 209 (63.5) 137 (65.6) 72 (34.4)



Intersex 0 (0) b



None of these 0 (0)



Prefer not to say 1 (0.3)


Gender, n (%) 5.98 (4) .20 0.14

Man 206 (62.6) 135 (65.5) 71 (34.5)



Woman 117 (35.6) 84 (71.8) 33 (28.2)



Nonbinary 1 (0.3)



Transgender 1 (0.3)



None of these 2 (0.6)



Prefer not to say 2 (0.6)


Race, n (%) 11.82 (5) .04 0.19

Asianc 12 (3.6) 5 (41.7) 7 (58.3)



Black or African Americand 45 (13.7) 34 (75.6) 11 (24.4)



Whited 262 (79.6) 179 (68.3) 83 (31.7)



American Indian or Alaskan Native 1 (0.3)



Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0 (0)



Other 1 (0.3)



Do not know 0 (0)



Prefer not to answer 2 (0.6)



Missing 6 (1.8)


Ethnicity, n (%) 13.16 (2) <.001 0.20

Hispanic or Latinoc 81 (24.6) 67 (82.7) 14 (17.3)



Not Hispanic or Latinod 247 (75.1) 155 (62.8) 92 (37.2)



Do not know 0 (0)



Prefer not to answer 1 (0.3)


Marital status, n (%) 11.40 (7) .12 0.19

Married 222 (67.5) 160 (72.6) 62 (27.9)



Divorced 15 (4.6) 9 (60) 6 (40)



Never married 76 (23.1) 44 (58.7) 31 (41.3)



A member of an unmarried couple 11 (3.3) 6 (54.5) 5 (45.5)



Widowed 2 (0.6)



Separated 1 (0.3)



Prefer not to answer 2 (0.6)


Do you have dependents or children? n (%) 10.94 (2) <.01 0.18

Yesc 201 (61.1) 148 (73.6) 53 (26.4)



Nod 124 (37.7) 73 (58.9) 51 (41.1)



Prefer not to answer 4 (1.2)


Level of education 11.20 (9) .26 0.19

High school graduate 20 (6.1) 13 (65) 7 (35)



Some college, no degree 28 (8.5) 16 (57.1) 12 (42.9)



Associate degree 25 (7.6) 17 (68) 8 (32)



Master’s degree 58 (17.6) 129 (70.1) 55 (29.9)



Bachelor’s degree 184 (55.9) 42 (72.4) 16 (27.6)



No high school diploma 4 (1.2)



GEDe or equivalent 4 (1.2)




Professional school degree 2 (0.6)



Doctoral degree 2 (0.6)



Do not know 0 (0)



Prefer not to answer 2 (0.6)


Employment 9.82 (1) .007 0.17

Employed 299 (90.9) 208 (69.6) 91 (30.4)



Unemployed 27 (8.2) 14 (51.9) 13 (48.1)



Prefer not to answer 3 (0.9)


Do you have health insurance coverage? 12.49 (3) <.01 0.20

Yesc 273 (83) 195 (71.4) 78 (28.6)



Nod 49 (14.9) 24 (49) 25 (51)



Prefer not to answer 7 (2.1)


aCell counts <5 not presented for χ2 tests.

bnot available.

cThere was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of individuals agreeing to use the chatbot versus not agreeing between this category and those marked with “d.”

dThere was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of individuals agreeing to use the chatbot versus not agreeing between this category and those marked with “c.”

eGED: General Educational Development.